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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38678: netfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.29% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 0521e694d5b80899fba8695881a6349f9bc538cb, 3f358a66a04513311668ea4b40f5064e253d8386, 4681960bc0f4f8bcc782cbf2fd205f48ad314dfd; azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.117.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.8, NVD 5.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0521e694d5b80899fba8695881a6349f9bc538cb, 3f358a66a04513311668ea4b40f5064e253d8386, 4681960bc0f4f8bcc782cbf2fd205f48ad314dfd; azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.117.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates A chain/flowtable update with duplicated devices in the same batch is possible. Unfortunately, netdev event path only removes the first device that is found, leaving unregistered the hook of the duplicated device. Check if a duplicated device exists in the transaction batch, bail out with EEXIST in such case. WARNING is hit when unregistering the hook: [49042.221275] WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 8425 at net/netfilter/core.c:340 nf_hook_entry_head+0xaa/0x150 [49042.221375] CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 8425 Comm: nft Tainted: G S 6.16.0+ #170 PREEMPT(full) [...] [49042.221382] RIP: 0010:nf_hook_entry_head+0xaa/0x150

Published
Sep 3, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 22th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
7.8
2.3 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-38678

When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.8affected
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before 0521e694d5b80899fba8695881a6349f9bc538cbaffected · git
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before 4681960bc0f4f8bcc782cbf2fd205f48ad314dfdaffected · git
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before 4ce2a0c3b8497a66cfc25fc7ca3d087258a785d2affected · git
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before 3f358a66a04513311668ea4b40f5064e253d8386affected · git
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before cf23d531a9d496863aa4c5a0e2f71f0a23f3df3caffected · git
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before d7615bde541f16517d6790412da6ec46fa8a4c1faffected · git
    • 78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981 and later · before cf5fb87fcdaaaafec55dcc0dc5a9e15ead343973affected · git
    • before 5.8not affected · semver
    • 5.10.247 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (4)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel5.8 and later · before 6.6.117
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.59
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.16.2
  • linux linux kernel6.17

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:11linuxbefore 5.10.247-15.10.247-1
Debian:11linux-6.1before 6.1.159-1~deb11u16.1.159-1~deb11u1
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.159-16.1.159-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.63-16.12.63-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.3-16.16.3-1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_31before 17-150400.2.117-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_32before 17-150400.2.117-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_33before 16-150400.2.116-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_34before 15-150400.2.115-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_35before 14-150400.2.114-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_41before 7-150400.2.17-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_43before 3-150400.2.13-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_44before 2-150400.2.12-150400.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_19before 17-150500.2.117-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_20before 17-150500.2.117-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_22before 13-150500.2.113-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_25before 8-150500.2.18-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_28before 7-150500.2.17-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_29before 5-150500.2.15-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_30before 2-150500.2.12-150500.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_10before 8-150600.2.18-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_11before 7-150600.2.17-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_13before 6-150600.2.16-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_14before 2-150600.2.12-150600.2.1

+38

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-58240Aug 28, 2025 · tls: separate no-async decryption request handling from async
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38677Aug 30, 2025 · f2fs: fix to avoid out-of-boundary access in dnode page
    28Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38679Sep 4, 2025 · media: venus: Fix OOB read due to missing payload bound check
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux0521e694d5b80899fba8695881a6349f9bc538cbVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3f358a66a04513311668ea4b40f5064e253d8386Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4681960bc0f4f8bcc782cbf2fd205f48ad314dfdVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4ce2a0c3b8497a66cfc25fc7ca3d087258a785d2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxcf23d531a9d496863aa4c5a0e2f71f0a23f3df3cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxcf5fb87fcdaaaafec55dcc0dc5a9e15ead343973Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd7615bde541f16517d6790412da6ec46fa8a4c1fVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.117.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.159-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux-6.16.1.159-1~deb11u1 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_411-1.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_510-1.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_68-3.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_108-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_136-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_142-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_319-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_517-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_06-150700.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_26-150700.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_32-150700.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_42-150700.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-11-24

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+81 d
  3. TodayNov 12, 2026+435 d

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records