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CVE-2025-38677· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

f2fs: fix to avoid out-of-boundary access in dnode page

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.17% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 6b7784ea07e6aa044f74b39d6b5af5e28746fc81, 77de19b6867f2740cdcb6c9c7e50d522b47847a4, 888aa660144bcb6ec07839da756ee46bfcf7fc53.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 6b7784ea07e6aa044f74b39d6b5af5e28746fc81, 77de19b6867f2740cdcb6c9c7e50d522b47847a4, 888aa660144bcb6ec07839da756ee46bfcf7fc53 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to avoid out-of-boundary access in dnode page As Jiaming Zhang reported: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x1c1/0x2a0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0x17e/0x800 mm/kasan/report.c:480 kasan_report+0x147/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:593 data_blkaddr fs/f2fs/f2fs.h:3053 [inline] f2fs_data_blkaddr fs/f2fs/f2fs.h:3058 [inline] f2fs_get_dnode_of_data+0x1a09/0x1c40 fs/f2fs/node.c:855 f2fs_reserve_block+0x53/0x310 fs/f2fs/data.c:1195 prepare_write_begin fs/f2fs/data.c:3395 [inline] f2fs_write_begin+0xf39/0x2190 fs/f2fs/data.c:3594 generic_perform_write+0x2c7/0x910 mm/filemap.c:4112 f2fs_buffered_write_iter fs/f2fs/file.c:4988 [inline] f2fs_file_write_iter+0x1ec8/0x2410 fs/f2fs/file.c:5216 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x546/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x149/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x3d0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The root cause is in the corrupted image, there is a dnode has the same node id w/ its inode, so during f2fs_get_dnode_of_data(), it tries to access block address in dnode at offset 934, however it parses the dnode as inode node, so that get_dnode_addr() returns 360, then it tries to access page address from 360 + 934 * 4 = 4096 w/ 4 bytes. To fix this issue, let's add sanity check for node id of all direct nodes during f2fs_get_dnode_of_data().

HighCVSS 7.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 30, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 6th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.1
CNA · Linux
7.8
0.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.241
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.190
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.149
  • linux linux kernel3.8 and later · before 5.4.297
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.44
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.16.4
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.103

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.8affected
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before ee4d13f5407cbdf1216cc258f45492075713889aaffected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before a650654365c57407413e9b1f6ff4d539bf2e99caaffected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before 6b7784ea07e6aa044f74b39d6b5af5e28746fc81affected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before 901f62efd6e855f93d8b1175540f29f4dc45ba55affected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before 92ef491b506a0f4dd971a3a76f86f2d8f5370180affected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before 888aa660144bcb6ec07839da756ee46bfcf7fc53affected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before f1d5093d9fe9f3c74c123741c88666cc853b79c5affected · git
    • 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 and later · before 77de19b6867f2740cdcb6c9c7e50d522b47847a4affected · git
    • before 3.8not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.153-16.1.153-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.48-16.12.48-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.5-16.16.5-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now
  • CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV
    83Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38676Aug 26, 2025 · iommu/amd: Avoid stack buffer overflow from kernel cmdline
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-58240Aug 28, 2025 · tls: separate no-async decryption request handling from async
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38678Sep 3, 2025 · netfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux6b7784ea07e6aa044f74b39d6b5af5e28746fc81Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux77de19b6867f2740cdcb6c9c7e50d522b47847a4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux888aa660144bcb6ec07839da756ee46bfcf7fc53Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux901f62efd6e855f93d8b1175540f29f4dc45ba55Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux92ef491b506a0f4dd971a3a76f86f2d8f5370180Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxa650654365c57407413e9b1f6ff4d539bf2e99caVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxee4d13f5407cbdf1216cc258f45492075713889aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf1d5093d9fe9f3c74c123741c88666cc853b79c5Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.153-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (10 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records