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NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

CVE-2025-5278: Coreutils: heap buffer under-read in gnu coreutils sort via key specification

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 17/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.31% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: cgit.git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/ coreutils 9.8; azl3 coreutils 9.4-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.4-7.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to cgit.git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/ coreutils 9.8; azl3 coreutils 9.4-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.4-7 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A flaw was found in GNU Coreutils. The sort utility's begfield() function is vulnerable to a heap buffer under-read. The program may access memory outside the allocated buffer if a user runs a crafted command using the traditional key format. A malicious input could lead to a crash or leak sensitive data.

MediumCVSS 4.4 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 14, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 23th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

17

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
17 / 40 · 4.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · redhat
4.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-5278

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • cgit.git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/ coreutils

    • 7.2 and later · before 9.8affected · semver

  • Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.17

    • 1791371080 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1791371069 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1791788287 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1791970484 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.18

    • 1791459707 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1791459711 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1791459759 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1789029076 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1791966259 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.20

    • 1790598593 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Cost Management 4

    • 1783539156 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2

    • 1782756541 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1784821670 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

    • 0:9.5-8.el10_2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    • 0:8.30-21.el8_10 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    • 0:8.32-41.el9_8 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5

    • 1782890503 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10coreutilsbefore 9.5-8.el10_29.5-8.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10coreutils-commonbefore 9.5-8.el10_29.5-8.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10coreutils-singlebefore 9.5-8.el10_29.5-8.el10_2
AlmaLinux:8coreutilsbefore 8.30-21.el8_108.30-21.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8coreutils-commonbefore 8.30-21.el8_108.30-21.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8coreutils-singlebefore 8.30-21.el8_108.30-21.el8_10
AlmaLinux:9coreutilsbefore 8.32-41.el9_88.32-41.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9coreutils-commonbefore 8.32-41.el9_88.32-41.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9coreutils-singlebefore 8.32-41.el9_88.32-41.el9_8
Debian:12coreutilsfrom 0—
openSUSE:Leap 15.6coreutilsbefore 8.32-150400.9.9.18.32-150400.9.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6coreutils-singlebefore 8.32-150400.9.9.18.32-150400.9.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6coreutils-testsuitebefore 8.32-150400.9.9.18.32-150400.9.9.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedcoreutilsbefore 9.7-3.19.7-3.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2coreutilsbefore 0:9.5-8.el10_20:9.5-8.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2coreutils-debuginfobefore 0:9.5-8.el10_20:9.5-8.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2coreutils-debugsourcebefore 0:9.5-8.el10_20:9.5-8.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2coreutils-singlebefore 0:9.5-8.el10_20:9.5-8.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2coreutils-single-debuginfobefore 0:9.5-8.el10_20:9.5-8.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoscoreutilsbefore 0:8.30-21.el8_100:8.30-21.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoscoreutils-debuginfobefore 0:8.30-21.el8_100:8.30-21.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoscoreutils-debugsourcebefore 0:8.30-21.el8_100:8.30-21.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoscoreutils-singlebefore 0:8.30-21.el8_100:8.30-21.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoscoreutils-single-debuginfobefore 0:8.30-21.el8_100:8.30-21.el8_10

+13

Same product

red hat: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-10230Samba: command injection in wins server hook script
    52Plan
  • CVE-2026-4631Cockpit: cockpit: unauthenticated remote code execution due to ssh command-line argument injection
    44Plan
  • CVE-2026-76578Ipa: freeipa: freeipa: unauthenticated ldap client can obtain administrator credentials via the self-managed-token aci
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-4969May 21, 2025 · Libsoup: off-by-one out-of-bounds read in find_boundary() in soup-multipart.c
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5024May 22, 2025 · Gnome-remote-desktop: uncontrolled resource consumption due to malformed rdp pdus
    29Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-49794Jun 16, 2025 · Libxml: heap use after free (uaf) leads to denial of service (dos)
    36Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
cgit.git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/ coreutils9.8Vendor (CNA)
azl3 coreutils 9.4-7 on Azure Linux 3.09.4-7 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:coreutils8.32-41.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:coreutils-common8.32-41.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:coreutils-single8.32-41.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:coreutils8.32-150400.9.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:coreutils-single8.32-150400.9.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:coreutils-testsuite8.32-150400.9.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:coreutils0:8.32-41.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:coreutils-debuginfo0:8.32-41.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:coreutils-debugsource0:8.32-41.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:coreutils-single0:8.32-41.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:coreutils-single-debuginfo0:8.32-41.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:coreutils0:8.32-41.el9_8 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
suse:coreutils8.25-13.19.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:coreutils8.32-150400.9.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-0719226 days apartLibsoup: signed to unsigned conversion error leading to stack-based buffer overflow in libsoup ntlm authentication
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-1761251 days apartLibsoup: stack-based buffer overflow in libsoup multipart response parsingmultipart http response
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-43958370 days apartRrdtool: rrdtool: stack buffer overflow allows local code execution or denial of service
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-112257510 days apartGimp: gimp: heap out-of-bounds read/write in psd thumbnail loader (load_resource_1033)
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-59692408 days apartGstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer: dtls certificate subject dn stack buffer overflow in openssl_verify_callback
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-16277419 days apartRpcbind: rpcbind: stack buffer overflow in rpcinfo rpcbaddrlist()
    26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
low · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-121 · Stack-based Buffer Overflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (19 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records