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NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

CVE-2026-4631: Cockpit: cockpit: unauthenticated remote code execution due to ssh command-line argument injection

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 44/100)

  • A ready-made attack module is public (Nuclei); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (Exploit-DB, GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 15.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 96.8% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: cockpit-bridge (AlmaLinux:10) 344-3.el10_1; cockpit-doc (AlmaLinux:10) 344-3.el10_1; cockpit-packagekit (AlmaLinux:10) 344-3.el10_1.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to cockpit-bridge (AlmaLinux:10) 344-3.el10_1; cockpit-doc (AlmaLinux:10) 344-3.el10_1; cockpit-packagekit (AlmaLinux:10) 344-3.el10_1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Cockpit's remote login feature passes user-supplied hostnames and usernames from the web interface to the SSH client without validation or sanitization. An attacker with network access to the Cockpit web service can craft a single HTTP request to the login endpoint that injects malicious SSH options or shell commands, achieving code execution on the Cockpit host without valid credentials. The injection occurs during the authentication flow before any credential verification takes place, meaning no login is required to exploit the vulnerability.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Apr 7, 2026
Updated
Oct 26, 2026
EPSS
15.4% · 96th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

44

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
5 / 30 · 15.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · redhat
9.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-4631

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
enterprise linux10.1
enterprise linux eus10.0
enterprise linux9
rhel eus9.6
enterprise linux7
enterprise linux8

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

    • 0:344-3.el10_1 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 0:356.1-1.el10_2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support

    • 0:334.1-3.el10_0 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    • 0:356.1-1.el9_8 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 0:344-2.el9_7 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 0:356.1-1.el9_8 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 0:344-2.el9_7 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support

    • 0:334.2-2.el9_6 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10cockpit-bridgebefore 344-3.el10_1344-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10cockpit-docbefore 344-3.el10_1344-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10cockpit-packagekitbefore 344-3.el10_1344-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10cockpit-storagedbefore 344-3.el10_1344-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10cockpit-systembefore 344-3.el10_1344-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:9cockpitbefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-bridgebefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-docbefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-packagekitbefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-storagedbefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-systembefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-wsbefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9cockpit-ws-selinuxbefore 344-2.el9_7344-2.el9_7
Debian:13cockpitbefore 337-1+deb13u1337-1+deb13u1
Debian:14cockpitbefore 360-1360-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpitbefore 364-160000.1.1364-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpitbefore 354-160000.3.1354-160000.3.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpit-machinesbefore 354-160000.1.1354-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpit-packagesbefore 5-160000.1.15-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpit-podmanbefore 128-160000.1.1128-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpit-reposbefore 4.8-160000.1.14.8-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0cockpit-subscriptionsbefore 16.2-160000.1.116.2-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedcockpitbefore 360-1.1360-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0cockpitbefore 0:334.1-3.el10_00:334.1-3.el10_0

+66

Same product

red hat: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-10230Samba: command injection in wins server hook script
    52Plan
  • CVE-2026-76578Ipa: freeipa: freeipa: unauthenticated ldap client can obtain administrator credentials via the self-managed-token aci
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-4404Freeipa: idm: privilege escalation from host to domain admin in freeipa
    37Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-3234Mar 12, 2026 · Mod_proxy_cluster: mod_proxy_cluster: response body corruption via crlf injection
    17Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-4111Mar 13, 2026 · Libarchive: infinite loop denial of service in rar5 decompression via archive_read_data() in libarchive
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-6507Apr 17, 2026 · Dnsmasq: dnsmasq: denial of service due to out-of-bounds write in dhcp bootreply processing
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:cockpit344-2.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-bridge344-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-doc344-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-packagekit344-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-storaged344-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-system344-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-ws344-2.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-ws-selinux344-2.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:cockpit337-1+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cockpit360-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:cockpit-machines354-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cockpit-packages5-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cockpit-podman128-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cockpit-repos4.8-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cockpit-subscriptions16.2-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-bridge0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-bridge0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-debuginfo0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-debuginfo0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-debugsource0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-debugsource0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-doc0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-doc0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-packagekit0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-packagekit0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-storaged0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-storaged0:356.1-1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:cockpit-system0:334.1-3.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0Package registry (OSV)

+12

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Exploit-DB entry ×1
  • Nuclei detection template ×1
  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×2

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Exploit-DB entrywebapps2026-05-21
Nuclei detection templateNuclei template CVE-2026-4631 —
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:152026-04-18
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02026-07-12

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+10 d
  3. TodayNov 4, 2026+211 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-10230151 days apartSamba: command injection in wins server hook script
    52Plan
  • CVE-2026-480234 days apartCockpit: cockpit: arbitrary command execution via crafted links in system logs ui
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2026-16524114 days apartPcp: pcp linux_sockets pmda: arbitrary command execution via command injection
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-79992140 days apartEmacs: emacs: command injection via crafted filenames in tramp
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-84837148 days apartRpm: command injection in `rpmbuild -t*` (`gettarspec`) via unescaped tarball path
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-84838148 days apartRpm: command injection in rpmuncompress via unescaped filenames passed to popen()
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

ts
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (10 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records