CVE-2025-9230: Out-of-bounds read & write in RFC 3211 KEK Unwrap
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.5% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 75% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: OpenSSL OpenSSL 3.0.18, 3.2.6, 3.3.5; azl3 edk2 20240524git3e722403cd16-9 on Azure Linux 3.0 20240524git3e722403cd16-10; azl3 openssl 3.3.3-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.5-1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to OpenSSL OpenSSL 3.0.18, 3.2.6, 3.3.5; azl3 edk2 20240524git3e722403cd16-9 on Azure Linux 3.0 20240524git3e722403cd16-10; azl3 openssl 3.3.3-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.5-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
Issue summary: An application trying to decrypt CMS messages encrypted using password based encryption can trigger an out-of-bounds read and write. Impact summary: This out-of-bounds read may trigger a crash which leads to Denial of Service for an application. The out-of-bounds write can cause a memory corruption which can have various consequences including a Denial of Service or Execution of attacker-supplied code. Although the consequences of a successful exploit of this vulnerability could be severe, the probability that the attacker would be able to perform it is low. Besides, password based (PWRI) encryption support in CMS messages is very rarely used. For that reason the issue was assessed as Moderate severity according to our Security Policy. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the CMS implementation is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.
- BDU:2025-12885
- ALSA-2025:21248
- ALSA-2025:21255
- ALSA-2026:0337
- ALSA-2026:2776
- ALSA-2026:36721
- DLA-4321-1
- DSA-6015-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15723-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:20164-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10237-1
- RHBA-2026:14131
- RHSA-2025:21174
- RHSA-2025:21248
- RHSA-2025:21255
- RHSA-2025:21562
- RHSA-2025:22794
- RHSA-2026:0337
- RHSA-2026:0602
- RHSA-2026:0714
- Published
- Sep 30, 2025
- Updated
- Oct 15, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.5% · 75th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-125
Report tools
Action score
30
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 1.5%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
—
Check your server's TLS configuration
The OpenSSL version can't be seen from outside; the free SSL checker tests your certificate, enabled TLS versions and weak ciphers. Confirm the version on your server with the package manager.
Run the SSL checkVersions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (openssl). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
OpenSSL OpenSSL
- 3.5.0 and later · before 3.5.4affected · semver
- 3.4.0 and later · before 3.4.3affected · semver
- 3.3.0 and later · before 3.3.5affected · semver
- 3.2.0 and later · before 3.2.6affected · semver
- 3.0.0 and later · before 3.0.18affected · semver
- 1.1.1 and later · before 1.1.1zdaffected
- 1.0.2 and later · before 1.0.2zmaffected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | openssl | before 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | openssl-devel | before 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | openssl-libs | before 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | openssl-perl | before 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | edk2-aarch64 | before 20220126gitbb1bba3d77-13.el8_10.10 | 20220126gitbb1bba3d77-13.el8_10.10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | edk2-ovmf | before 20220126gitbb1bba3d77-13.el8_10.10 | 20220126gitbb1bba3d77-13.el8_10.10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssl | before 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 | 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssl-devel | before 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 | 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssl-libs | before 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 | 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssl-perl | before 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 | 1:1.1.1k-14.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | edk2-aarch64 | before 20241117-4.el9_7.3 | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | edk2-ovmf | before 20241117-4.el9_7.3 | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | edk2-tools | before 20241117-4.el9_7.3 | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | edk2-tools-doc | before 20241117-4.el9_7.3 | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssl | before 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 | 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssl-devel | before 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 | 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssl-libs | before 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 | 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssl-perl | before 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 | 1:3.5.1-4.el9_7 |
| Alpine:v3.17 | openssl | before 3.0.19-r0 | 3.0.19-r0 |
| Alpine:v3.19 | openssl | before 3.1.8-r1 | 3.1.8-r1 |
| Alpine:v3.20 | openssl | before 3.3.5-r0 | 3.3.5-r0 |
| Alpine:v3.22 | openssl | before 3.5.4-r0 | 3.5.4-r0 |
| Debian:11 | openssl | before 1.1.1w-0+deb11u4 | 1.1.1w-0+deb11u4 |
| Debian:12 | openssl | before 3.0.17-1~deb12u3 | 3.0.17-1~deb12u3 |
+96
Same product
openssl: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2014-0160The (1) TLS and (2) DTLS implementations in OpenSSL 1.0.1 before 1.0.1g do not properly handle Heartbeat Extension packets, which allows remKEV90Now
- CVE-2021-3711SM2 Decryption Buffer Overflow65This week
- CVE-2003-0545Double free vulnerability in OpenSSL 0.9.7 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code 65This week
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-9231Sep 30, 2025 · Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM27Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-9232Sep 30, 2025 · Out-of-bounds read in HTTP client no_proxy handling24Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-11187Jan 27, 2026 · Improper validation of PBMAC1 parameters in PKCS#12 MAC verification26Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| OpenSSL OpenSSL | 3.0.18 | Vendor (CNA) |
| OpenSSL OpenSSL | 3.2.6 | Vendor (CNA) |
| OpenSSL OpenSSL | 3.3.5 | Vendor (CNA) |
| OpenSSL OpenSSL | 3.4.3 | Vendor (CNA) |
| OpenSSL OpenSSL | 3.5.4 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 edk2 20240524git3e722403cd16-9 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 20240524git3e722403cd16-10 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| azl3 openssl 3.3.3-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 3.3.5-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:edk2-aarch64 | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:edk2-ovmf | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:edk2-tools | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:edk2-tools-doc | 20241117-4.el9_7.3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssl | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssl-devel | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssl-libs | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssl-perl | 1:3.5.1-4.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:openssl | 3.0.19-r0 · Alpine:v3.17 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:openssl | 3.0.17-1~deb12u3 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:openssl-1_0_0 | 1.0.2p-150000.3.97.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:openssl-1_1 | 1.1.1w-150600.5.18.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:openssl-3 | 3.1.4-150600.5.39.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:regclient | 0.10.0-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansible-collection-redhat-satellite | 0:5.10.0-1.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansible-collection-redhat-satellite_operations | 0:3.0.1-1.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansible-core | 1:2.16.14-3.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansible-lint | 0:5.4.0-2.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansible-runner | 0:2.3.6-2.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansible-test | 1:2.16.14-3.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansiblerole-foreman_scap_client | 0:0.5.0-1.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ansiblerole-insights-client | 0:1.7.1-3.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:cjson | 0:1.7.18-2.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
+26
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
- Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research)reporter
- Viktor Dukhovniremediation developer
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2024-5535460 days apartSSL_select_next_proto buffer overread38Monitor
- CVE-2026-84782364 days apartDTLS Retransmits Handshake Messages From a Stale Buffer Offset32Monitor
- CVE-2026-28386189 days apartOut-of-bounds Read in AES-CFB-128 on X86-64 with AVX-512 Support30Monitor
- CVE-2026-34180252 days apartHeap Buffer Over-read in ASN.1 Content Parsing30Monitor
- CVE-2026-9076252 days apartOut-of-Bounds Read in CMS Password-Based Decryption30Monitor
- CVE-2025-92320 days apartOut-of-bounds read in HTTP client no_proxy handling24Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds ReadCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (16 more)Show less
- github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9e91358f365dee6c446dcdcdb01c04d2743fd280
- github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a79c4ce559c6a3a8fd4109e9f33c1185d5bf2def
- github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/b5282d677551afda7d20e9c00e09561b547b2dfd
- github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/bae259a211ada6315dc50900686daaaaaa55f482
- github.openssl.org/openssl/extended-releases/commit/c2b96348bfa662f25f4fabf81958ae822063dae3
- github.openssl.org/openssl/extended-releases/commit/dfbaf161d8dafc1132dd88cd48ad990ed9b4c8ba
- openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/30/5
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00001.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-089022.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-485750.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-585531.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.