NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

CVE-2025-4382: Grub2: grub allow access to encrypted device through cli once root device is unlocked via tpm

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 23/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.35% (FIRST EPSS).
Physical access to the device is required. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: grub2 (Debian:14) 2.14~git20250718.0e36779-2; grub2 (openSUSE:Leap 15.6) 2.12-150600.8.27.1; grub2 (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 2.12-50.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to grub2 (Debian:14) 2.14~git20250718.0e36779-2; grub2 (openSUSE:Leap 15.6) 2.12-150600.8.27.1; grub2 (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 2.12-50.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A flaw was found in systems utilizing LUKS-encrypted disks with GRUB configured for TPM-based auto-decryption. When GRUB is set to automatically decrypt disks using keys stored in the TPM, it reads the decryption key into system memory. If an attacker with physical access can corrupt the underlying filesystem superblock, GRUB will fail to locate a valid filesystem and enter rescue mode. At this point, the disk is already decrypted, and the decryption key remains loaded in system memory. This scenario may allow an attacker with physical access to access the unencrypted data without any further authentication, thereby compromising data confidentiality. Furthermore, the ability to force this state through filesystem corruption also presents a data integrity concern.

MediumCVSS 5.9 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Auth bypass

Published: May 9, 2025
Updated: Sep 1, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 28th percentile
CWE: CWE-306

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 23 / 40 · 5.9 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · redhat: 5.9; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- all versionsaffected
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- all versionsaffected
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- all versionsaffected
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- all versionsaffected
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
- all versionsaffected
- all versionsaffected
www.gnu.org/software/grub/ grub2
- up to and including 2.12affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Debian:12	grub2	from 0	—
Debian:14	grub2	before 2.14~git20250718.0e36779-2	2.14~git20250718.0e36779-2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6	grub2	before 2.12-150600.8.27.1	2.12-150600.8.27.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	grub2	before 2.12-50.1	2.12-50.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6	grub2	before 2.12-150600.8.27.1	2.12-150600.8.27.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7	grub2	before 2.12-150700.19.3.1	2.12-150700.19.3.1

Same product

red hat: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

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CVE-2026-76578Ipa: freeipa: freeipa: unauthenticated ldap client can obtain administrator credentials via the self-managed-token aci
39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-4035Apr 29, 2025 · Libsoup: cookie domain validation bypass via uppercase characters in libsoup
17Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2025-4373May 6, 2025 · Glib: buffer underflow on glib through glib/gstring.c via function g_string_insert_unichar
19Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-4432May 9, 2025 · Ring: some aes functions may panic when overflow checking is enabled in ring
21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
debian:grub2	2.14~git20250718.0e36779-2 · Debian:14	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:grub2	2.12-150600.8.27.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6	Package registry (OSV)
suse:grub2	2.12-150600.8.27.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-76578486 days apartIpa: freeipa: freeipa: unauthenticated ldap client can obtain administrator credentials via the self-managed-token aci
39Monitor
CVE-2026-16527447 days apartPcp: pcp pmproxy: unauthenticated access to /store endpoint allows bypassing pmcd access rules
29Monitor
CVE-2026-109969523 days apartClevis: clevis: no authentication on pkcs#11 af_unix sockets allows key injection under permissive umask
18Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

CVE-2025-9566119 days apartPodman: podman kube play command may overwrite host files
32Monitor
CVE-2025-602039 days apartLinux-pam: linux-pam directory traversal
31Monitor
CVE-2025-067779 days apartGrub2: ufs: integer overflow may lead to heap based out-of-bounds write when handling symlinks
25Monitor
CVE-2025-062280 days apartGrub2: command/gpg: use-after-free due to hooks not being removed on module unload
25Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Physical access to the device is required.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: none

Attack vector: Physical
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

A function added for development or support ships to production without authentication. It often relies on the assumption that it is “only reachable from the internal network.”

The bug in code

The whole CWE-306 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1// Added for the support team
2app.post("/maintenance/reset", resetDevice);

Fixed

1if (config.maintenanceEnabled) {
2  app.post(
3    "/maintenance/reset",
4    requireSession, requireRole("admin"), resetDevice
5  );
6}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:44 PM UTC

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References

access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4382

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

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