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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GovTech CSG

CVE-2026-4738: GDAL Bundled zlib (inftree9.c) Pointer Offset Optimization Undefined Behavior Allows Heap Corruption or Remote Code Execution

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 37/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.26% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: OSGeo gdal 3.11.0.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to OSGeo gdal 3.11.0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in OSGeo gdal (frmts/zlib/contrib/infback9 modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inftree9.C‎. This issue affects gdal: before 3.11.0.

CriticalCVSS 9.4 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 24, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 18th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

37

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
37 / 40 · 9.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GovTech CSG
9.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/S:P/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:L/U:Amber

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-4738

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GovTech CSG). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • OSGeo gdal

    • before 3.11.0affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12gdalfrom 0—
Debian:14gdalbefore 3.11.3+dfsg-13.11.3+dfsg-1

Same product

osgeo: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-17545GDAL through 3.0.1 has a poolDestroy double free in OGRExpatRealloc in ogr/ogr_expat.cpp when the 10MB threshold is exceeded.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-49014In GDAL 3.1.0 through 3.13.0, scanForGeometryContainers in the netCDF driver allows code execution via a stack-based buffer overflow.
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2019-25050netCDF in GDAL 2.4.2 through 3.0.4 has a stack-based buffer overflow in nc4_get_att (called from nc4_get_att_tc and nc_get_att_text) and in
    31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-45943Dec 31, 2021 · GDAL 3.3.0 through 3.4.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow in PCIDSK::CPCIDSKFile::ReadFromFile (called from PCIDSK::CPCIDSKSegment::ReadFrom
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-29480Apr 7, 2025 · Buffer Overflow vulnerability in gdal 3.10.2 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the OGRSpatialReference::Release funct
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-8084May 7, 2026 · OSGeo gdal HDF-EOS Grid File SWapi.c memmove out-of-bounds
    7Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
OSGeo gdal3.11.0Vendor (CNA)
debian:gdal3.11.3+dfsg-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-808444 days apartOSGeo gdal HDF-EOS Grid File SWapi.c memmove out-of-bounds
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2026-808644 days apartOSGeo gdal SWapi.c SWnentries heap-based overflow
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2026-808744 days apartOSGeo gdal GDapi.c GDnentries heap-based overflow
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2026-808844 days apartOSGeo gdal GDapi.c GDfieldinfo out-of-bounds
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2026-821246 days apartOSGeo gdal SWapi.c SWSDfldsrch heap-based overflow
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2026-821346 days apartOSGeo gdal Grid File GDapi.c GDSDfldsrch heap-based overflow
    7Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
P
Scope
P

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:L/U:Amber

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records