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CVE-2026-49014· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

In GDAL 3.1.0 through 3.13.0, scanForGeometryContainers in the netCDF driver allows code execution via a stack-based buffer overflow.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.14% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: gdal (Debian:14) 3.13.1+dfsg-1; gdal (PyPI) 3.13.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to gdal (Debian:14) 3.13.1+dfsg-1; gdal (PyPI) 3.13.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In GDAL 3.1.0 through 3.13.0, scanForGeometryContainers in the netCDF driver allows code execution via a stack-based buffer overflow. It reads a geometry attribute into a fixed-size stack buffer without validating the attribute length. The attacker embeds the exploit as an oversized geometry attribute in a crafted NetCDF file. This achieves arbitrary code execution on the server running GDAL. This is in frmts/netcdf/netcdfsg.cpp.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 26, 2026
Updated
Jul 24, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 3th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · mitre
7.4
0.4 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
osgeogdal

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • osgeo gdal3.1.0 and later · up to 3.13.0 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mitre). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GDAL GDAL

    • 3.1.0 and later · up to and including 3.13.0affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12gdalall versions—
Debian:14gdalbefore 3.13.1+dfsg-13.13.1+dfsg-1
PyPIgdalfrom 3.1.0 · before 3.13.13.13.1

Same product

osgeo: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-17545GDAL through 3.0.1 has a poolDestroy double free in OGRExpatRealloc in ogr/ogr_expat.cpp when the 10MB threshold is exceeded.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-4738GDAL Bundled zlib (inftree9.c) Pointer Offset Optimization Undefined Behavior Allows Heap Corruption or Remote Code Execution
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2019-25050netCDF in GDAL 2.4.2 through 3.0.4 has a stack-based buffer overflow in nc4_get_att (called from nc4_get_att_tc and nc_get_att_text) and in
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-29480Buffer Overflow vulnerability in gdal 3.10.2 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the OGRSpatialReference::Release funct
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2021-45943GDAL 3.3.0 through 3.4.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow in PCIDSK::CPCIDSKFile::ReadFromFile (called from PCIDSK::CPCIDSKSegment::ReadFrom
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2026-8213OSGeo gdal Grid File GDapi.c GDSDfldsrch heap-based overflow
    7Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:gdal3.13.1+dfsg-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
PyPI:gdal3.13.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-121 · Stack-based Buffer Overflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records