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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2026-31451: ext4: replace BUG_ON with proper error handling in ext4_read_inline_folio

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.12% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 3462a3f0716d27af51896dc8688bcf0628fb17ee, 356227096eb66e41b23caf7045e6304877322edf, 636e8d85a36ab6c31aafd04ee66a69b18eebee7b; azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.134.1-2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 3462a3f0716d27af51896dc8688bcf0628fb17ee, 356227096eb66e41b23caf7045e6304877322edf, 636e8d85a36ab6c31aafd04ee66a69b18eebee7b; azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.134.1-2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: replace BUG_ON with proper error handling in ext4_read_inline_folio Replace BUG_ON() with proper error handling when inline data size exceeds PAGE_SIZE. This prevents kernel panic and allows the system to continue running while properly reporting the filesystem corruption. The error is logged via ext4_error_inode(), the buffer head is released to prevent memory leak, and -EFSCORRUPTED is returned to indicate filesystem corruption.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 22, 2026
Updated
Nov 5, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 2th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-31451

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel3.8 and later · before 6.6.131
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.80
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.21
  • linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 6.19.11
  • linux linux kernel7.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.8affected
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before 3462a3f0716d27af51896dc8688bcf0628fb17eeaffected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before 636e8d85a36ab6c31aafd04ee66a69b18eebee7baffected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before af25a6affeac4919e8d8c5cccc01a9d53478447eaffected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before 65c6c30ce6362c1c684568744ea510c921a756cdaffected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before d4b3f370c3d8f7ce565d4a718572c9f7c12f77edaffected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before 823849a26af089ffc5dfdd2ae4b9d446b46a0cdaaffected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before a7d600e04732a7d29b107c91fe3aec64cf6ce7f2affected · git
    • 46c7f254543dedcf134ad05091ed2b935a9a597d and later · before 356227096eb66e41b23caf7045e6304877322edfaffected · git
    • before 3.8not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.177-16.1.177-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.85-16.12.85-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.19.11-16.19.11-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-31449Apr 22, 2026 · ext4: validate p_idx bounds in ext4_ext_correct_indexes
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-31450Apr 22, 2026 · ext4: publish jinode after initialization
    35Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-31452Apr 22, 2026 · ext4: convert inline data to extents when truncate exceeds inline size
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux3462a3f0716d27af51896dc8688bcf0628fb17eeVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux356227096eb66e41b23caf7045e6304877322edfVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux636e8d85a36ab6c31aafd04ee66a69b18eebee7bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux65c6c30ce6362c1c684568744ea510c921a756cdVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux823849a26af089ffc5dfdd2ae4b9d446b46a0cdaVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxa7d600e04732a7d29b107c91fe3aec64cf6ce7f2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxaf25a6affeac4919e8d8c5cccc01a9d53478447eVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd4b3f370c3d8f7ce565d4a718572c9f7c12f77edVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.134.1-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.177-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-317399 days apartcrypto: tegra - Add missing CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-5295263 days apartiommu: Fix WARN_ON in __iommu_group_set_domain_nofail() due to reset
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-3139819 days apartmm/rmap: fix incorrect pte restoration for lazyfree folios
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-4611736 days apartRDMA/mana: Remove user triggerable WARN_ON() in mana_ib_create_qp_rss()
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-39803219 days apartscsi: ufs: core: Remove WARN_ON_ONCE() call from ufshcd_uic_cmd_compl()
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-4602735 days apartnet/smc: avoid early lgr access in smc_clc_wait_msg
    30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-617 · Reachable Assertion

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records