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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-28783: Craft has a Twig Function Blocklist Bypass

CriticalCVSS 9.4 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 37/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.51% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. Administrator privileges are required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: craftcms cms 5.9.0-beta.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to craftcms cms 5.9.0-beta.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Craft is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.9.0-beta.1 and 4.17.0-beta.1, Craft CMS implements a blocklist to prevent potentially dangerous PHP functions from being called via Twig non-Closure arrow functions. In order to be able to successfully execute this attack, you need to either have allowAdminChanges enabled on production, or a compromised admin account, or an account with access to the System Messages utility. Several PHP functions are not included in the blocklist, which could allow malicious actors with the required permissions to execute various types of payloads, including RCEs, arbitrary file reads, SSRFs, and SSTIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.9.0-beta.1 and 4.17.0-beta.1.

Published
Mar 4, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 44th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

37

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
37 / 40 · 9.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
9.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-28783

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
craftcmscraft cms

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • craftcms cms

    • >= 5.0.0-RC1, <= 5.9.0-beta.1, >= 4.0.0-RC1, <= 4.17.0-beta.1affected
Affected versions · NVD (4)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • craftcms craft cmsafter 4.0.0 · before 4.17.0
  • craftcms craft cmsafter 5.0.0 · before 5.9.0
  • craftcms craft cms4.0.0
  • craftcms craft cms5.0.0

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Packagistcraftcms/cmsfrom 4.0.0-RC1 · before 4.17.0-beta.14.17.0-beta.1
Packagistcraftcms/cmsfrom 5.0.0-RC1 · before 5.9.0-beta.15.9.0-beta.1

Same product

craftcms: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-32432Craft CMS Allows Remote Code ExecutionKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2024-56145RCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled in craftcms/cmsKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2025-23209Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cmsKEV
    68This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-28781Mar 4, 2026 · Craft Affected by Entries Authorship Spoofing via Mass Assignment
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-28782Mar 4, 2026 · Craft has a Permission Bypass and IDOR in Duplicate Entry Action
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-28784Mar 4, 2026 · Craft is affected by potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via Twig SSTI
    34Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
craftcms cms5.9.0-beta.1 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
Packagist:craftcms/cms4.17.0-beta.1Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:craftcms/cms5.9.0-beta.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-32432313 days apartCraft CMS Allows Remote Code ExecutionKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2024-56145441 days apartRCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled in craftcms/cmsKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2025-23209411 days apartPotential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cmsKEV
    68This week
  • CVE-2026-318577 days apartCraftCMS has an RCE vulnerability via relational conditionals in the control panel
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2025-54417208 days apartCraft contains a theoretical bypass for CVE-2025-23209
    20Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • Administrator privileges are required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records