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CVE-2025-23209· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms

Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs where your security key has already been compromised. Anyone running an unpatched version of Craft with a compromised security key is affected. This vulnerability has been patched in Craft 5.5.8 and 4.13.8. Users who cannot update to a patched version, should rotate their security keys and ensure their privacy to help migitgate the issue.

HighCVSS 8.1 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available
Published
Jan 17, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
21.8% · 98th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

69

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
32 / 40 · 8.1 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
7 / 30 · 21.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.1
CNA · GitHub_M
8.1
agree

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Feb 20, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for government agencies: Mar 13, 2025.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
craftcmscraft cms

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • craftcms craft cmsafter 4.0.0 · before 4.13.8
  • craftcms craft cmsafter 5.0.0 · before 5.5.8
  • craftcms craft cms4.0.0
  • craftcms craft cms5.0.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • craftcms cms

    • >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.5, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.8affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Packagistcraftcms/cmsfrom 4.0.0-RC1 · before 4.13.84.13.8
Packagistcraftcms/cmsfrom 5.0.0-RC1 · before 5.5.85.5.8

Same product

craftcms: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-32432Craft CMS Allows Remote Code ExecutionKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2024-56145RCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled in craftcms/cmsKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2023-41892Craft CMS Remote Code Execution vulnerability
    67This week
  • CVE-2020-9757The SEOmatic component before 3.3.0 for Craft CMS allows Server-Side Template Injection that leads to RCE via malformed data to the metacont
    61This week
  • CVE-2025-35939Craft CMS stores user-provided content in session filesKEV
    57Plan
  • CVE-2024-37843Craft CMS up to v3.7.31 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the GraphQL API endpoint.
    55Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Packagist:craftcms/cms4.13.8Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:craftcms/cms5.5.8Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. CISA KEV+33 d
  3. TodaySep 29, 2026+620 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-3243298 days apartCraft CMS Allows Remote Code ExecutionKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2024-5614530 days apartRCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled in craftcms/cmsKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2023-41892492 days apartCraft CMS Remote Code Execution vulnerability
    67This week
  • CVE-2026-28783411 days apartCraft has a Twig Function Blocklist Bypass
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-31857418 days apartCraftCMS has an RCE vulnerability via relational conditionals in the control panel
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2025-54417203 days apartCraft contains a theoretical bypass for CVE-2025-23209
    20Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records