Skip to content
Noroxi
NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-23209: Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms

HighCVSS 8.1 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 68/100)

  • CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Feb 20, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Mar 13, 2025.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 21.6% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 97.6% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: craftcms/cms (Packagist) 4.13.8, 5.5.8.

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to craftcms/cms (Packagist) 4.13.8, 5.5.8 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs where your security key has already been compromised. Anyone running an unpatched version of Craft with a compromised security key is affected. This vulnerability has been patched in Craft 5.5.8 and 4.13.8. Users who cannot update to a patched version, should rotate their security keys and ensure their privacy to help migitgate the issue.

Published
Jan 17, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
21.6% · 97th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

68

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
32 / 40 · 8.1 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
6 / 30 · 21.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.1
CNA · GitHub_M
8.1
agree

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Feb 20, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Mar 13, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

  • In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
  • Weaponized exploit exists
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-23209

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits every 10 minutes on paid plans, on the hour on the free plan.

Your free account also gets you

  • CVE alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools, at most 30 a day (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

Sign up with email · Have an account? Sign in

Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every MondayDon't want an account? RSS feed for craftcms records
Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
craftcmscraft cms

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • craftcms cms

    • >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.5, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.8affected
Affected versions · NVD (4)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • craftcms craft cmsafter 4.0.0 · before 4.13.8
  • craftcms craft cmsafter 5.0.0 · before 5.5.8
  • craftcms craft cms4.0.0
  • craftcms craft cms5.0.0

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Packagistcraftcms/cmsfrom 4.0.0-RC1 · before 4.13.84.13.8
Packagistcraftcms/cmsfrom 5.0.0-RC1 · before 5.5.85.5.8

Same product

craftcms: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-32432Craft CMS Allows Remote Code ExecutionKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2024-56145RCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled in craftcms/cmsKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2023-41892Craft CMS Remote Code Execution vulnerability
    67This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-52291Nov 13, 2024 · Craft has a Local File System Validation Bypass Leading to File Overwrite, Sensitive File Access, and Potential Code Execution
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-52292Nov 13, 2024 · Craft Allows Attackers to Read Arbitrary System Files
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-46731May 5, 2025 · Craft CMS Contains a Potential Remote Code Execution Vulnerability via Twig SSTI
    29Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Packagist:craftcms/cms4.13.8Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:craftcms/cms5.5.8Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. CISA KEV+33 d
  3. TodayNov 14, 2026+665 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-3243298 days apartCraft CMS Allows Remote Code ExecutionKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2024-5614530 days apartRCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled in craftcms/cmsKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2023-41892492 days apartCraft CMS Remote Code Execution vulnerability
    67This week
  • CVE-2026-28783411 days apartCraft has a Twig Function Blocklist Bypass
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-31857418 days apartCraftCMS has an RCE vulnerability via relational conditionals in the control panel
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2025-54417203 days apartCraft contains a theoretical bypass for CVE-2025-23209
    20Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records