NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2026-23224: erofs: fix UAF issue for file-backed mounts w/ directio option

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.14% (FIRST EPSS).
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: Linux Linux 1caf50ce4af096d0280d59a31abdd85703cd995c, ae385826840a3c8e09bf38cac90adcd690716f57, b2ee5e4d5446babd23ff7beb4e636be0fb3ea5aa; azl3 kernel 6.6.121.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.121.1-2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1caf50ce4af096d0280d59a31abdd85703cd995c, ae385826840a3c8e09bf38cac90adcd690716f57, b2ee5e4d5446babd23ff7beb4e636be0fb3ea5aa; azl3 kernel 6.6.121.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.121.1-2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix UAF issue for file-backed mounts w/ directio option [ 9.269940][ T3222] Call trace: [ 9.269948][ T3222] ext4_file_read_iter+0xac/0x108 [ 9.269979][ T3222] vfs_iocb_iter_read+0xac/0x198 [ 9.269993][ T3222] erofs_fileio_rq_submit+0x12c/0x180 [ 9.270008][ T3222] erofs_fileio_submit_bio+0x14/0x24 [ 9.270030][ T3222] z_erofs_runqueue+0x834/0x8ac [ 9.270054][ T3222] z_erofs_read_folio+0x120/0x220 [ 9.270083][ T3222] filemap_read_folio+0x60/0x120 [ 9.270102][ T3222] filemap_fault+0xcac/0x1060 [ 9.270119][ T3222] do_pte_missing+0x2d8/0x1554 [ 9.270131][ T3222] handle_mm_fault+0x5ec/0x70c [ 9.270142][ T3222] do_page_fault+0x178/0x88c [ 9.270167][ T3222] do_translation_fault+0x38/0x54 [ 9.270183][ T3222] do_mem_abort+0x54/0xac [ 9.270208][ T3222] el0_da+0x44/0x7c [ 9.270227][ T3222] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x5c/0xf4 [ 9.270253][ T3222] el0t_64_sync+0x1bc/0x1c0 EROFS may encounter above panic when enabling file-backed mount w/ directio mount option, the root cause is it may suffer UAF in below race condition: - z_erofs_read_folio wq s_dio_done_wq - z_erofs_runqueue - erofs_fileio_submit_bio - erofs_fileio_rq_submit - vfs_iocb_iter_read - ext4_file_read_iter - ext4_dio_read_iter - iomap_dio_rw : bio was submitted and return -EIOCBQUEUED - dio_aio_complete_work - dio_complete - dio->iocb->ki_complete (erofs_fileio_ki_complete()) - kfree(rq) : it frees iocb, iocb.ki_filp can be UAF in file_accessed(). - file_accessed : access NULL file point Introduce a reference count in struct erofs_fileio_rq, and initialize it as two, both erofs_fileio_ki_complete() and erofs_fileio_rq_submit() will decrease reference count, the last one decreasing the reference count to zero will free rq.

Memory safety

Published: Feb 18, 2026
Updated: Aug 5, 2026
EPSS: 0.1% · 3th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.1%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 7.8
CNA · Linux: 7.8; agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
linux	linux kernel	cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Linux Linux
- 6.12affected
- fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847 and later · before ae385826840a3c8e09bf38cac90adcd690716f57affected · git
- fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847 and later · before d741534302f71c511eb0bb670b92eaa7df4a0aecaffected · git
- fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847 and later · before b2ee5e4d5446babd23ff7beb4e636be0fb3ea5aaaffected · git
- fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847 and later · before 1caf50ce4af096d0280d59a31abdd85703cd995caffected · git
- before 6.12not affected · semver
- 6.12.72 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
- 6.18.11 and later · up to and including 6.18.*not affected · semver
- 6.19.1 and later · up to and including 6.19.*not affected · semver
- 7.0 and laternot affected · original_commit_for_fix

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

linux linux kernel6.12 and later · before 6.12.72
linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.11
linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 6.19.1

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Debian:13	linux	before 6.12.73-1	6.12.73-1
Debian:14	linux	before 6.18.12-1	6.18.12-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	kernel-source	before 6.19.8-1.1	6.19.8-1.1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
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CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
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CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2026-23221Feb 18, 2026 · bus: fsl-mc: fix use-after-free in driver_override_show()
31Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-23222Feb 18, 2026 · crypto: omap - Allocate OMAP_CRYPTO_FORCE_COPY scatterlists correctly
22Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-23227Feb 18, 2026 · drm/exynos: vidi: use ctx->lock to protect struct vidi_context member variables related to memory alloc/free
31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Linux Linux	1caf50ce4af096d0280d59a31abdd85703cd995c	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	ae385826840a3c8e09bf38cac90adcd690716f57	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	b2ee5e4d5446babd23ff7beb4e636be0fb3ea5aa	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	d741534302f71c511eb0bb670b92eaa7df4a0aec	Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.121.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	6.6.121.1-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
debian:linux	6.12.73-1 · Debian:13	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source	6.19.8-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log (1)

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:09 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf50ce4af096d0280d59a31abdd85703cd995c

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

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