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NVD / CVE Program· CNA seal

CVE-2026-13149: brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.36% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: nodejs (AlmaLinux:10) 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2; nodejs-devel (AlmaLinux:10) 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2; nodejs-docs (AlmaLinux:10) 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to nodejs (AlmaLinux:10) 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2; nodejs-devel (AlmaLinux:10) 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2; nodejs-docs (AlmaLinux:10) 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.

HighCVSS 7.7 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jun 30, 2026
Updated
Oct 25, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 30th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · seal
7.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Follow CVE-2026-13149

When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (seal). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • juliangruber brace-expansion

    • up to and including 5.0.6affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10nodejsbefore 1:22.23.1-4.el10_21:22.23.1-4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs-develbefore 1:22.23.1-4.el10_21:22.23.1-4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs-docsbefore 1:22.23.1-4.el10_21:22.23.1-4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs-full-i18nbefore 1:22.23.1-4.el10_21:22.23.1-4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs-libsbefore 1:22.23.1-4.el10_21:22.23.1-4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs-nodemonbefore 3.1.14-2.el10_23.1.14-2.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs-npmbefore 1:10.9.8-1.22.23.1.4.el10_21:10.9.8-1.22.23.1.4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs24before 1:24.18.0-3.el10_21:24.18.0-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs24-develbefore 1:24.18.0-3.el10_21:24.18.0-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs24-docsbefore 1:24.18.0-3.el10_21:24.18.0-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs24-full-i18nbefore 1:24.18.0-3.el10_21:24.18.0-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs24-libsbefore 1:24.18.0-3.el10_21:24.18.0-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10nodejs24-npmbefore 1:11.16.0-1.24.18.0.3.el10_21:11.16.0-1.24.18.0.3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:8nodejsbefore 1:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d91:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d9
AlmaLinux:8nodejsbefore 1:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc31:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc3
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-develbefore 1:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc31:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc3
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-develbefore 1:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d91:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d9
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-docsbefore 1:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc31:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc3
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-docsbefore 1:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d91:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d9
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-full-i18nbefore 1:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d91:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d9
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-full-i18nbefore 1:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc31:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc3
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-libsbefore 1:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d91:22.23.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d9
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-libsbefore 1:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc31:24.18.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4237+cde4efc3
AlmaLinux:8nodejs-nodemonbefore 3.1.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d93.1.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4236+04bc75d9

+96

Same product

juliangruber: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-102278brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-102276brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-69152brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation
    30Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-33750Mar 27, 2026 · brace-expansion: Zero-step sequence causes process hang and memory exhaustion
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-45149May 29, 2026 · brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-14257Jul 23, 2026 · brace-expansion DoS via unbounded expansion length causing an out-of-memory process crash
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:nodejs1:24.18.0-3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-devel1:24.18.0-3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-docs1:24.18.0-3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-full-i18n1:24.18.0-3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-libs1:24.18.0-3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-nodemon3.1.14-2.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-npm1:10.9.8-1.22.23.1.4.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-packaging2021.06-6.module_el9.7.0+209+ecf6523e · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-packaging-bundler2021.06-6.module_el9.7.0+209+ecf6523e · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:npm1:11.16.0-1.24.18.0.3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:v8-12.4-devel3:12.4.254.21-1.22.23.1.2.module_el9.8.0+285+5c3b0251 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:v8-13.6-devel3:13.6.233.17-1.24.18.0.3.module_el9.8.0+286+9023ffdb · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion1.1.16Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion2.1.2Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion5.0.7Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:agama-integration-tests1785848065.5562c7c-4.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:agama-web-ui24+0.a836cced5-52.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:python-pytest-html4.2.0-4.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-debuginfo1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-debugsource1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-devel1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-docs1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-full-i18n1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs220:22.23.1-2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-bin0:22.23.1-2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs240:24.18.0-0.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs24-bin0:24.18.0-0.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs24-devel0:24.18.0-0.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs260:26.4.0-1.3.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)

+16

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-1425723 days apartbrace-expansion DoS via unbounded expansion length causing an out-of-memory process crash
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-4514932 days apartbrace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-6915234 days apartbrace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-10227690 days apartbrace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-10227890 days apartbrace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-3375095 days apartbrace-expansion: Zero-step sequence causes process hang and memory exhaustion
    30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
N

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Code that parses nested structures sets no depth or size limit. A small input can turn into a disproportionate processing load.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-400 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
function expand(node) {  return node.children.map(expand);}

Fixed

ts
const MAX_DEPTH = 32;function expand(node, depth = 0) {  if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) throw new Error("too deep");  return node.children.map((c) => expand(c, depth + 1));}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records