CVE.org (no NVD analysis yet)· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-102276: brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.45% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: azl3 python-tensorboard 2.16.2-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 python-tensorboard 2.16.2-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.

Published: Sep 28, 2026
Updated: Sep 30, 2026
EPSS: 0.4% · 39th percentile
CWE: CWE-400

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · GitHub_M: 7.5; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

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Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

juliangruber brace-expansion
- >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.10, >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.7, >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.5, < 1.1.19affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs	before 1:22.23.4-1.el10_2	1:22.23.4-1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs-devel	before 1:22.23.4-1.el10_2	1:22.23.4-1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs-docs	before 1:22.23.4-1.el10_2	1:22.23.4-1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs-full-i18n	before 1:22.23.4-1.el10_2	1:22.23.4-1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs-libs	before 1:22.23.4-1.el10_2	1:22.23.4-1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs-nodemon	before 3.1.14-5.el10_2	3.1.14-5.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs-npm	before 1:10.9.9-1.22.23.4.1.el10_2	1:10.9.9-1.22.23.4.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs24	before 1:24.22.1-3.el10_2	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs24-devel	before 1:24.22.1-3.el10_2	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs24-docs	before 1:24.22.1-3.el10_2	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs24-full-i18n	before 1:24.22.1-3.el10_2	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs24-libs	before 1:24.22.1-3.el10_2	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10	nodejs24-npm	before 2:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.3.el10_2	2:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.3.el10_2
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs	before 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-devel	before 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-docs	before 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-full-i18n	before 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-libs	before 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-nodemon	before 3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4	3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-packaging	before 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a	2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
AlmaLinux:8	nodejs-packaging-bundler	before 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a	2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
AlmaLinux:8	npm	before 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:8	v8-13.6-devel	before 3:13.6.233.17-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1	3:13.6.233.17-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
AlmaLinux:9	nodejs	before 1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075	1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075

+69

Same product

juliangruber: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2026-102278brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion
30Monitor
CVE-2026-69152brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation
30Monitor
CVE-2026-14257brace-expansion DoS via unbounded expansion length causing an out-of-memory process crash
30Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2026-45149May 29, 2026 · brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
30Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-13149Jun 30, 2026 · brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service.
30Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-102277Sep 28, 2026 · brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
azl3 python-tensorboard 2.16.2-6 on Azure Linux 3.0	Release Notes	Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:nodejs	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-devel	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-docs	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-full-i18n	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-libs	1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-nodemon	3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-packaging	2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs-packaging-bundler	2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs24	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:nodejs24-devel	1:24.22.1-3.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:npm	1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:v8-13.6-devel	3:13.6.233.17-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
debian:node-brace-expansion	2.1.7+~1.1.2-1 · Debian:14	Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion	1.1.19	Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion	2.1.5	Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion	3.0.7	Package registry (OSV)
npm:brace-expansion	5.0.10	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:pi-coding-agent	1.0.2-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-bin	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-devel	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-docs	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-full-i18n	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-libs	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-npm	0:10.9.9-1.22.23.3.2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs22-npm-bin	0:22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs24	0:24.21.0-1.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs24-bin	0:24.21.0-1.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs24-devel	0:24.21.0-1.2.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedSep 28, 2026
Fix recordedSep 30, 2026+1 d
TodayNov 13, 2026+45 d

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-1022780 days apartbrace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion
30Monitor
CVE-2026-6915256 days apartbrace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation
30Monitor
CVE-2026-1425767 days apartbrace-expansion DoS via unbounded expansion length causing an out-of-memory process crash
30Monitor
CVE-2026-1314990 days apartbrace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service.
30Monitor
CVE-2026-45149122 days apartbrace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
30Monitor
CVE-2026-33750185 days apartbrace-expansion: Zero-step sequence causes process hang and memory exhaustion
30Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: none
Integrity: none
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: None
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Code that parses nested structures sets no depth or size limit. A small input can turn into a disproportionate processing load.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-400 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1function expand(node) {
2  return node.children.map(expand);
3}

Fixed

1const MAX_DEPTH = 32;
2function expand(node, depth = 0) {
3  if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) throw new Error("too deep");
4  return node.children.map((c) => expand(c, depth + 1));
5}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

Endpoint Denial of ServiceT1499

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 30, 2026, 3:28 AM UTC
SSVC exploitation— → noneSep 29, 2026, 6:54 PM UTC
Exploit maturity— → noneSep 28, 2026, 11:20 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/0bcbfc0a5928c3073d48f42999d1ce4fc1c42fbc

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records