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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-40325: md/raid10: wait barrier before returning discard request with REQ_NOWAIT

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.28% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 29c742ff222dd39335b927a6909c23b8752a053c, 31d3156efe909b53ba174861a3da880c688f5edc, 31ff67982c5fa39c0093b9d9f429fef91c2494b7; azl3 kernel 6.6.152.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes; azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 29c742ff222dd39335b927a6909c23b8752a053c, 31d3156efe909b53ba174861a3da880c688f5edc, 31ff67982c5fa39c0093b9d9f429fef91c2494b7; azl3 kernel 6.6.152.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes; azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/raid10: wait barrier before returning discard request with REQ_NOWAIT raid10_handle_discard should wait barrier before returning a discard bio which has REQ_NOWAIT. And there is no need to print warning calltrace if a discard bio has REQ_NOWAIT flag. Quality engineer usually checks dmesg and reports error if dmesg has warning/error calltrace.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 18, 2025
Updated
Nov 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 21th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-40325

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel5.15.111 and later · before 5.16
  • linux linux kernel5.17 and later · before 6.14.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 39db562b3fedb93978a7e42dd216b306740959f8, 5.17affected
    • c9aa889b035fca4598ae985a0f0c76ebbb547ad2 and later · before 9fd04328b37b6b911c2556f6dd2625a58c3c30dbaffected · git
    • c9aa889b035fca4598ae985a0f0c76ebbb547ad2 and later · before 29c742ff222dd39335b927a6909c23b8752a053caffected · git
    • c9aa889b035fca4598ae985a0f0c76ebbb547ad2 and later · before 31ff67982c5fa39c0093b9d9f429fef91c2494b7affected · git
    • c9aa889b035fca4598ae985a0f0c76ebbb547ad2 and later · before 31d3156efe909b53ba174861a3da880c688f5edcaffected · git
    • c9aa889b035fca4598ae985a0f0c76ebbb547ad2 and later · before 3db4404435397a345431b45f57876a3df133f3b4affected · git
    • 5.15.111 and later · before 5.16affected · semver
    • before 5.17not affected · semver
    • 6.1.191 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
    • 6.6.160 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxfrom 0—
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.69-16.12.69-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.3-16.16.3-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39688Apr 18, 2025 · nfsd: allow SC_STATUS_FREEABLE when searching via nfs4_lookup_stateid()
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39989Apr 18, 2025 · x86/mce: use is_copy_from_user() to determine copy-from-user context
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-40364Apr 18, 2025 · io_uring: fix io_req_prep_async with provided buffers
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux29c742ff222dd39335b927a6909c23b8752a053cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux31d3156efe909b53ba174861a3da880c688f5edcVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux31ff67982c5fa39c0093b9d9f429fef91c2494b7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3db4404435397a345431b45f57876a3df133f3b4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.16Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9fd04328b37b6b911c2556f6dd2625a58c3c30dbVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.150.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0—Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.152.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0—Microsoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.12.69-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records