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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-37859: page_pool: avoid infinite loop to schedule delayed worker

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.31% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 43130d02baa137033c25297aaae95fd0edc41654, 5.4, 5.4.293; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 43130d02baa137033c25297aaae95fd0edc41654, 5.4, 5.4.293; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: page_pool: avoid infinite loop to schedule delayed worker We noticed the kworker in page_pool_release_retry() was waken up repeatedly and infinitely in production because of the buggy driver causing the inflight less than 0 and warning us in page_pool_inflight()[1]. Since the inflight value goes negative, it means we should not expect the whole page_pool to get back to work normally. This patch mitigates the adverse effect by not rescheduling the kworker when detecting the inflight negative in page_pool_release_retry(). [1] [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] Negative(-51446) inflight packet-pages ... [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] Call Trace: [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] page_pool_release_retry+0x23/0x70 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] process_one_work+0x1b1/0x370 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] worker_thread+0x37/0x3a0 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] kthread+0x11a/0x140 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] ? process_one_work+0x370/0x370 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] ? __kthread_cancel_work+0x40/0x40 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 [Mon Feb 10 20:36:11 2025] ---[ end trace ebffe800f33e7e34 ]--- Note: before this patch, the above calltrace would flood the dmesg due to repeated reschedule of release_dw kworker.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 9, 2025
Updated
Nov 5, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 24th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-37859

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.4.5 and later · before 5.4.293
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.237
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.181
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.135
  • linux linux kernel5.3.18 and later · before 5.4
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.24
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.13.12
  • linux linux kernel6.14 and later · before 6.14.3
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.88

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • bf22306d92ca59c59dc4aa3bab14768948193d56, 5.5affected
    • 05f646cb2174d1a4e032b60b99097f5c4b522616 and later · before c3c7c57017ce1d4b2d3788c1fc59e7e39026e158affected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 9f71db4fb82deb889e0bac4a51b34daea7d506a3affected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 91522aba56e9fcdf64da25ffef9b27f8fad48e0faffected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 90e089a64504982f8d62f223027cb9f903781f78affected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 95f17738b86fd198924d874a5639bcdc49c7e5b8affected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 7204335d1991c23fc615ab76f31f175748a578e1affected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before e74e5aa33228c5e2cb4fc80ad103541a7b7805ecaffected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 738d1812ec2e395e953258aea912ddd867d11a13affected · git
    • c3f812cea0d7006469d1cf33a4a9f0a12bb4b3a3 and later · before 43130d02baa137033c25297aaae95fd0edc41654affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.135-16.1.135-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.25-16.12.25-1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-31.16.4.0-31.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-31.1.21.96.4.0-31.1.21.9
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-31.16.4.0-31.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1kernel-rtbefore 6.4.0-34.16.4.0-34.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-31.16.4.0-31.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1kernel-source-rtbefore 6.4.0-34.16.4.0-34.1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37856May 9, 2025 · btrfs: harden block_group::bg_list against list_del() races
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37857May 9, 2025 · scsi: st: Fix array overflow in st_setup()
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-37861May 9, 2025 · scsi: mpi3mr: Synchronous access b/w reset and tm thread for reply queue
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux43130d02baa137033c25297aaae95fd0edc41654Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.4.293Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7204335d1991c23fc615ab76f31f175748a578e1Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux738d1812ec2e395e953258aea912ddd867d11a13Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux90e089a64504982f8d62f223027cb9f903781f78Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux91522aba56e9fcdf64da25ffef9b27f8fad48e0fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux95f17738b86fd198924d874a5639bcdc49c7e5b8Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9f71db4fb82deb889e0bac4a51b34daea7d506a3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc3c7c57017ce1d4b2d3788c1fc59e7e39026e158Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe74e5aa33228c5e2cb4fc80ad103541a7b7805ecVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.92.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.92.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.135-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-31.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-31.1.21.9 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-31.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-rt6.4.0-34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source6.4.0-31.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source-rt6.4.0-34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-31448348 days apartext4: avoid infinite loops caused by residual data
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63889436 days apartscsi: scsi_transport_fc: Widen FPIN pname walker counter to u32
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2026-52933411 days apartio_uring/poll: fix signed comparison in io_poll_get_ownership()
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-23451329 days apartbonding: prevent potential infinite loop in bond_header_parse()
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-31552350 days apartwifi: wlcore: Return -ENOMEM instead of -EAGAIN if there is not enough headroom
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-46052383 days apartceph: only d_add() negative dentries when they are unhashed
    30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-835 · Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (10 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records