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NVD / CVE Program· CNA apple

CVE-2025-31201: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 73/100)

  • CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Apr 17, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: May 8, 2025.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 13.9% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 96.5% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Until a fix is released, restrict access to the affected component and follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
13.9% · 96th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

73

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
4 / 30 · 13.9%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Apr 17, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: May 8, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

  • In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
  • Weaponized exploit exists
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-31201

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
applemacos
appletvos
applevisionos
appleipados
appleiphone os

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apple ipadosbefore 18.4.1
  • apple iphone osbefore 18.4.1
  • apple macos15.0 and later · before 15.4.1
  • apple tvosbefore 18.4.1
  • apple visionosbefore 2.4.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Apple iOS and iPadOS

    • before 18.4.1affected

  • Apple macOS

    • before 15.4.1affected

  • Apple tvOS

    • before 18.4.1affected

  • Apple visionOS

    • before 2.4.1affected

Same product

apple: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-31200A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.KEV
    75This week
  • CVE-2026-65400An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management.KEV
    70This week
  • CVE-1999-0590A system does not present an appropriate legal message or warning to a user who is accessing it.
    42Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-42982Apr 11, 2025 · Processing a file may lead to a denial-of-service or potentially disclose memory contents.
    25Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-42983Apr 11, 2025 · Processing a file may lead to a denial-of-service or potentially disclose memory contents.
    25Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-24142May 12, 2025 · A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries.
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. CISA KEVsame day
  3. TodayNov 8, 2026+571 d
EPSS, last 120 days-1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-1220 · Insufficient Granularity of Access Control

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Show all references (10 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records