A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1, watchOS 11.5. Processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file may result in code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS released before iOS 18.4.1.
- Published
- Apr 16, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 18.8% · 97th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-119
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Report tools
Action score
75
This week
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.
- CVSS
- 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 30 / 30 · Listed
- EPSS
- 6 / 30 · 18.8%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- active
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Actively exploited in the wild
CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Apr 17, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.
Remediation deadline for government agencies: May 8, 2025.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| apple | macos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos |
| apple | tvos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos |
| apple | visionos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos |
| apple | ipados | cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados |
| apple | iphone os | cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os |
| apple | watchos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apple ipadosbefore 18.4.1
- apple iphone osbefore 18.4.1
- apple macos15.0 and later · before 15.4.1
- apple tvosbefore 18.4.1
- apple visionosbefore 2.4.1
- apple watchosbefore 11.5
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Apple iOS and iPadOS
- before 18.4.1affected
Apple macOS
- before 15.4.1affected
Apple tvOS
- before 18.4.1affected
Apple visionOS
- before 2.4.1affected
Apple watchOS
- before 11.5affected
Same product
apple: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2025-31201This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code.KEV73This week
- CVE-2026-65400An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management.KEV69This week
- CVE-1999-0590A system does not present an appropriate legal message or warning to a user who is accessing it.42Plan
- CVE-2026-65381A validation issue existed in the entitlement verification.40Plan
- CVE-2024-44148This issue was addressed with improved validation of file attributes.40Plan
- CVE-2024-44146A logic issue was addressed with improved file handling.40Plan
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
Weaponized
A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.
Evidence
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×4
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:115 | 2025-04-21 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:204 | 2025-05-17 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:2 | 2025-05-22 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:12 | 2025-08-28 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- CISA KEVsame day
- First PoC+4 d
- TodaySep 29, 2026+531 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-28911467 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-43710467 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-64695467 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-64696467 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-64697467 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-64698467 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.39Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory BufferCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Overflow BuffersCAPEC-100likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer ManipulationCAPEC-123likelihood: High · Very High
- Client-side Injection-induced Buffer OverflowCAPEC-14likelihood: Medium · High
- Filter Failure through Buffer OverflowCAPEC-24likelihood: High · High
- MIME ConversionCAPEC-42likelihood: High · High
- Overflow Binary Resource FileCAPEC-44likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer Overflow via Symbolic LinksCAPEC-45likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
- support.apple.com/en-us/122282
- support.apple.com/en-us/122400
- support.apple.com/en-us/122401
- support.apple.com/en-us/122402
- support.apple.com/en-us/122722
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/26
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/14
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/10
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/0
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/4
- news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44161894
- github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/issues/200
- www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31200
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.