Skip to content
Noroxi
NVD / CVE Program· CNA apache

CVE-2023-28709: Apache Tomcat: Fix for CVE-2023-24998 is incomplete

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 44/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 48% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 98.8% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: tomcat (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-admin-webapps (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-docs-webapp (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9.
  • Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to tomcat (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-admin-webapps (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-docs-webapp (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete for Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 to 11.0.0-M4, 10.1.5 to 10.1.7, 9.0.71 to 9.0.73 and 8.5.85 to 8.5.87. If non-default HTTP connector settings were used such that the maxParameterCount could be reached using query string parameters and a request was submitted that supplied exactly maxParameterCount parameters in the query string, the limit for uploaded request parts could be bypassed with the potential for a denial of service to occur.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 22, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
48.0% · 98th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

44

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
14 / 30 · 48.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-28709

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

Your free account also gets you

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

  • Stack alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

Sign up with email · Have an account? Sign in

Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every MondayDon't want an account? RSS feed for apache records

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
apachetomcat
debiandebian linux
netapp7-mode transition tool

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apache tomcat8.5.85 and later · up to 8.5.87 inclusive
  • apache tomcat9.0.71 and later · up to 9.0.73 inclusive
  • apache tomcat10.1.5 and later · up to 10.1.7 inclusive
  • apache tomcat11.0.0
  • debian debian linux12.0
  • netapp 7-mode transition toolall versions

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apache). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat

    • 11.0.0-M2 and later · up to and including 11.0.0-M4affected · semver
    • 10.1.5 and later · up to and including 10.1.7affected · semver
    • 9.0.71 and later · up to and including 9.0.73affected · semver
    • 8.5.85 and later · up to and including 8.5.87affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8tomcatbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-admin-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-docs-webappbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-el-3.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-jsp-2.3-apibefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-libbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-servlet-4.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:9tomcatbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-admin-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-docs-webappbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-el-3.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-jsp-2.3-apibefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-libbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-servlet-4.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
Debian:12tomcat10before 10.1.6-1+deb12u110.1.6-1+deb12u1
Debian:13tomcat10before 10.1.10-110.1.10-1
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyotefrom 8.5.85 · before 8.5.888.5.88
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-corefrom 10.1.5 · before 10.1.810.1.8
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-corefrom 11.0.0-M2 · before 11.0.0-M511.0.0-M5
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-corefrom 9.0.71 · before 9.0.749.0.74
openSUSE:Leap 15.4tomcatbefore 9.0.75-150200.41.19.0.75-150200.41.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedtomcatbefore 9.0.75-1.19.0.75-1.1

+59

Same product

apache: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-24813Apache Tomcat: Potential RCE and/or information disclosure and/or information corruption with partial PUTKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2016-8735Remote code execution is possible with Apache Tomcat before 6.0.48, 7.x before 7.0.73, 8.x before 8.0.39, 8.5.x before 8.5.7, and 9.x beforeKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2017-12617When running Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0, 8.5.0 to 8.5.22, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.46 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.81 with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g.KEV
    92Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-45143Jan 3, 2023 · Apache Tomcat: JsonErrorReportValve escaping
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-28708Mar 22, 2023 · Apache Tomcat: JSESSIONID Cookie missing secure attribute in some configurations
    18Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-34981Jun 21, 2023 · Apache Tomcat: AJP response header mix-up
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:tomcat1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-admin-webapps1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-docs-webapp1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-el-3.0-api1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-jsp-2.3-api1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-lib1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-servlet-4.0-api1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-webapps1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:tomcat1010.1.6-1+deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote8.5.88Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core10.1.8Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core11.0.0-M5Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core9.0.74Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:tomcat9.0.75-150200.41.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-admin-webapps0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-docs-webapp0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-el-3.0-api0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-java-jdk110:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-java-jdk80:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-javadoc0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-jsp-2.3-api0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-lib0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-native0:1.2.31-15.redhat_15.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-native-debuginfo0:1.2.31-15.redhat_15.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-selinux0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
suse:tomcat9.0.36-3.105.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 9Package registry (OSV)
suse:tomcat9.0.75-150200.41.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-193 · Off-by-one Error

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records