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NVD / CVE Program· CNA apache

CVE-2023-28708: Apache Tomcat: JSESSIONID Cookie missing secure attribute in some configurations

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 18/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.8% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 78.7% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: tomcat (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-admin-webapps (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-docs-webapp (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to tomcat (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-admin-webapps (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9; tomcat-docs-webapp (AlmaLinux:8) 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

When using the RemoteIpFilter with requests received from a reverse proxy via HTTP that include the X-Forwarded-Proto header set to https, session cookies created by Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M1 to 11.0.0.-M2, 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.5, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.71 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.85 did not include the secure attribute. This could result in the user agent transmitting the session cookie over an insecure channel. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.

MediumCVSS 4.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 22, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
1.8% · 78th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

18

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
17 / 40 · 4.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 1.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-28708

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
apachetomcat

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apache tomcat8.5.0 and later · before 8.5.86
  • apache tomcatafter 9.0.0 · before 9.0.72
  • apache tomcatafter 10.1.0 · before 10.1.6
  • apache tomcat11.0.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apache). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat

    • 11.0.0-M1 and later · up to and including 11.0.0-M2affected · semver
    • 10.1.0-M1 and later · up to and including 10.1.5affected · semver
    • 9.0.0-M1 and later · up to and including 9.0.71affected · semver
    • 8.5.0 and later · up to and including 8.5.85affected · semver
    • 3 and later · before 8.5.0unknown · semver
    • 10.0.0-M1 and later · up to and including 10.0.27unknown · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8tomcatbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-admin-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-docs-webappbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-el-3.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-jsp-2.3-apibefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-libbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-servlet-4.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8tomcat-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-27.el8_91:9.0.62-27.el8_9
AlmaLinux:9tomcatbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-admin-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-docs-webappbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-el-3.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-jsp-2.3-apibefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-libbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-servlet-4.0-apibefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
AlmaLinux:9tomcat-webappsbefore 1:9.0.62-37.el9_31:9.0.62-37.el9_3
Debian:10tomcat9before 9.0.31-1~deb10u89.0.31-1~deb10u8
Debian:11tomcat9before 9.0.43-2~deb11u69.0.43-2~deb11u6
Debian:12tomcat10before 10.1.6-110.1.6-1
Debian:12tomcat9before 9.0.70-29.0.70-2
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinafrom 10.1.0-M1 · before 10.1.610.1.6
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinafrom 11.0.0-M1 · before 11.0.0-M311.0.0-M3
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinafrom 8.5.0 · before 8.5.868.5.86
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinafrom 9.0.0-M1 · before 9.0.729.0.72

+68

Same product

apache: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-24813Apache Tomcat: Potential RCE and/or information disclosure and/or information corruption with partial PUTKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2016-8735Remote code execution is possible with Apache Tomcat before 6.0.48, 7.x before 7.0.73, 8.x before 8.0.39, 8.5.x before 8.5.7, and 9.x beforeKEV
    96Now
  • CVE-2017-12617When running Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0, 8.5.0 to 8.5.22, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.46 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.81 with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g.KEV
    92Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-42252Nov 1, 2022 · Apache Tomcat request smuggling via malformed content-length
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-45143Jan 3, 2023 · Apache Tomcat: JsonErrorReportValve escaping
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-28709May 22, 2023 · Apache Tomcat: Fix for CVE-2023-24998 is incomplete
    44Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:tomcat1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-admin-webapps1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-docs-webapp1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-el-3.0-api1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-jsp-2.3-api1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-lib1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-servlet-4.0-api1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:tomcat-webapps1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:tomcat1010.1.6-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:tomcat99.0.70-2 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina10.1.6Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina11.0.0-M3Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina8.5.86Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina9.0.72Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:tomcat9.0.43-150200.35.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-admin-webapps0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-docs-webapp0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-el-3.0-api0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-java-jdk110:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-java-jdk80:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-javadoc0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-jsp-2.3-api0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-lib0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-native0:1.2.31-15.redhat_15.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-native-debuginfo0:1.2.31-15.redhat_15.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:jws5-tomcat-selinux0:9.0.62-15.redhat_00013.1.el7jws · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5.7::el7Package registry (OSV)
suse:tomcat9.0.36-150100.4.90.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:tomcat9.0.43-150200.35.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-523 · Unprotected Transport of Credentials

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records