NVD / CVE Program· CNA debian

CVE-2014-6278: GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote…

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Now (action score 95/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Oct 2, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Oct 23, 2025.
A ready-made attack module is public (Metasploit); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 99.7% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.9% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: bash (Debian:12) 4.3-9.2; bash (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 7.0-92.1; bash (SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1) 4.2-82.1.

Patch today or shut off access. Upgrade to bash (Debian:12) 4.3-9.2; bash (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 7.0-92.1; bash (SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1) 4.2-82.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Published: Sep 30, 2014
Updated: Jun 16, 2026
EPSS: 99.7% · 99th percentile
CWE: CWE-78

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Now

Patch today or shut off access.

CVSS: 35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 30 / 30 · 99.7%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Oct 2, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Oct 23, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
gnu	bash	cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

gnu bash1.14.0
gnu bash1.14.1
gnu bash1.14.2
gnu bash1.14.3
gnu bash1.14.4
gnu bash1.14.5
gnu bash1.14.6
gnu bash1.14.7

+12 more rows

gnu bash2.0
gnu bash2.01
gnu bash2.01.1
gnu bash2.02
gnu bash2.02.1
gnu bash2.03
gnu bash2.04
gnu bash2.05
gnu bash3.0
gnu bash3.0.16
gnu bash3.1
gnu bash3.2

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Debian:12	bash	before 4.3-9.2	4.3-9.2
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	bash	before 7.0-92.1	7.0-92.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1	bash	before 4.2-82.1	4.2-82.1

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2014-7169GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-025 processes trailing strings after certain malformed function definitions in the values of environment…KEV
99Now
CVE-2014-6271GNU Bash through 4.3 processes trailing strings after function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote…KEV
99Now
CVE-2014-7186The redirection implementation in parse.y in GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service…
59Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2014-6277Sep 27, 2014 · GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote…
59Plan
← EarlierCVE-2014-7187Sep 28, 2014 · Off-by-one error in the read_token_word function in parse.y in GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of…
58Plan
Later →CVE-2016-7543Jan 19, 2017 · Bash before 4.4 allows local users to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via crafted SHELLOPTS and PS4 environment variables.
33Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
debian:bash	4.3-9.2 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:bash	7.0-92.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed	Package registry (OSV)
suse:bash	4.2-82.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Metasploit module ×3
Exploit-DB entry ×5

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Exploit-DB entry	webapps	2016-06-06
Exploit-DB entry	remote	2016-03-16
Exploit-DB entry	remote	2014-10-06
Exploit-DB entry	remote	2014-09-29
Exploit-DB entry	remote	2014-10-02
Metasploit module	auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_envApache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Injection (Shellshock) Scannerauxiliary	2014-09-24
Metasploit module	exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_execApache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock)exploit	2014-09-24
Metasploit module	exploit/multi/http/cups_bash_env_execCUPS Filter Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock)exploit	2014-09-24

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

MetasploitSep 24, 2014-6 d
First PoCSep 29, 2014-1 d
PublishedSep 30, 2014
CISA KEVOct 2, 2025+4020 d
TodayNov 13, 2026+4428 d

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
A user must open a link or visit a page.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const host = req.body.host;
2exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

1const host = req.body.host;
2if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);
3execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log (1)

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:44 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN55667175/index.html

Show all references (19 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Data sources and verification

CNA: debian

CVE.org (CNA)Dec 30, 2025, 8:24 PM UTC
CISA ADPDec 30, 2025, 8:24 PM UTC
NVDJun 16, 2026, 8:12 PM UTC
FIRST EPSSNov 9, 2026, 12:00 AM UTC
OSV / GHSANov 13, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC
Exploit-DBNov 13, 2026, 3:17 AM UTC
MetasploitNov 13, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC

Each line is when that source was last processed for this record.