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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2016-4580: The x25_negotiate_facilities function in net/x25/x25_facilities.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not properly initialize a certain…

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.0—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 90.8% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: linux (Debian:12) 4.5.5-1; kernel-pae (SUSE:Linux Enterprise Point of Sale 11 SP3) 3.0.101-0.47.86.1; kernel-rt (SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4) 3.0.101.rt130-57.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to linux (Debian:12) 4.5.5-1; kernel-pae (SUSE:Linux Enterprise Point of Sale 11 SP3) 3.0.101-0.47.86.1; kernel-rt (SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4) 3.0.101.rt130-57.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The x25_negotiate_facilities function in net/x25/x25_facilities.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not properly initialize a certain data structure, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via an X.25 Call Request.

Published
May 23, 2016
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
4.0% · 90th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 4.0%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2016-4580

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
canonicalubuntu linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • canonical ubuntu linux12.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux14.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux15.10
  • canonical ubuntu linux16.04
  • linux linux kernelup to 4.5.4 inclusive

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 4.5.5-14.5.5-1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Point of Sale 11 SP3kernel-paebefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4kernel-rtbefore 3.0.101.rt130-57.13.0.101.rt130-57.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4kernel-rt_tracebefore 3.0.101.rt130-57.13.0.101.rt130-57.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4kernel-source-rtbefore 3.0.101.rt130-57.13.0.101.rt130-57.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4kernel-syms-rtbefore 3.0.101.rt130-57.13.0.101.rt130-57.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-bigsmpbefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-defaultbefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-ec2before 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-sourcebefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-symsbefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-tracebefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1
SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5kernel-xenbefore 3.0.101-0.47.86.13.0.101-0.47.86.1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2016-4569May 23, 2016 · The snd_timer_user_params function in sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize a certain data structure…
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2016-4578May 23, 2016 · sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain…
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2016-4581May 23, 2016 · fs/pnode.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.4 does not properly traverse a mount propagation tree in a certain case involving a slave mount…
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:linux4.5.5-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-bigsmp3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-ec23.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-pae3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Point of Sale 11 SP3Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-rt3.0.101.rt130-57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-rt_trace3.0.101.rt130-57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source-rt3.0.101.rt130-57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-syms3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-syms-rt3.0.101.rt130-57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 11 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-trace3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-xen3.0.101-0.47.86.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 5Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-200 · Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

The extension requests broader permissions than its function needs and sends the data it collects out for purposes beyond its stated function.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-200 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

json
{  "permissions": ["tabs", "<all_urls>"],  "background": { "service_worker": "analytics.js" }}

Fixed

json
{  "permissions": ["activeTab"],  "host_permissions": ["https://yildiz.example/*"]}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

References

Show all references (19 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records