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NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

CVE-2016-0728: The join_session_keyring function in security/keys/process_keys.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4.1 mishandles object references in a certain…

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (Exploit-DB, GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 3.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 89.2% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: linux (Debian:12) 4.3.3-6; linux (Debian:8) 3.16.7-ckt20-1+deb8u3; kernel (Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client) 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to linux (Debian:12) 4.3.3-6; linux (Debian:8) 3.16.7-ckt20-1+deb8u3; kernel (Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client) 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The join_session_keyring function in security/keys/process_keys.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4.1 mishandles object references in a certain error case, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (integer overflow and use-after-free) via crafted keyctl commands.

Published
Feb 7, 2016
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
3.4% · 89th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

32

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 3.4%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
googleandroid
hpserver migration pack
debiandebian linux
canonicalubuntu linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • canonical ubuntu linux12.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux14.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux15.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux15.10
  • debian debian linux8.0
  • google android4.0
  • google android4.0.1
  • google android4.0.2
+12 more rows
  • google android4.0.3
  • google android4.0.4
  • google android4.1
  • google android4.1.2
  • google android4.2
  • google android4.2.1
  • google android4.2.2
  • google android4.3
  • google android4.3.1
  • google android4.4
  • google android4.4.1
  • google android4.4.2

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 4.3.3-64.3.3-6
Debian:8linuxbefore 3.16.7-ckt20-1+deb8u33.16.7-ckt20-1+deb8u3
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernelbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-abi-whitelistsbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-debugbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-debug-debuginfobefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-debug-develbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-debuginfobefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64before 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-develbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-docbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-headersbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-toolsbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-tools-debuginfobefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-tools-libsbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientkernel-tools-libs-develbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientperfbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientperf-debuginfobefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientpython-perfbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientpython-perf-debuginfobefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::serverkernel-bootwrapperbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::serverkernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64before 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::serverkernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64lebefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::serverkernel-debuginfo-common-s390xbefore 0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el70:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2015-8787Feb 7, 2016 · The nf_nat_redirect_ipv4 function in net/netfilter/nf_nat_redirect.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4 allows remote attackers to cause a…
    42Plan
  • ← EarlierCVE-2016-0723Feb 7, 2016 · Race condition in the tty_ioctl function in drivers/tty/tty_io.c in the Linux kernel through 4.4.1 allows local users to obtain sensitive…
    27Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2016-0821Mar 12, 2016 · The LIST_POISON feature in include/linux/poison.h in the Linux kernel before 4.3, as used in Android 6.0.1 before 2016-03-01, does not…
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:linux4.3.3-6 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-abi-whitelists0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debuginfo0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_640:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-devel0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-doc0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-headers0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-tools0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-tools-debuginfo0:3.10.0-327.4.5.el7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default3.12.51-60.25.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs3.12.51-60.25.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-ec23.12.51-60.25.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-obs-build3.12.51-60.25.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source3.12.51-60.25.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-syms3.12.51-60.25.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-xen3.12.51-60.25.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_102-2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_111-2.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_35-2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_45-2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_21-2.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Exploit-DB entry ×2
  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×9

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub9 repositories2016-01-20 → 2022-12-04
Exploit-DB entrylocal2016-01-19
Exploit-DB entrylocal2016-01-19

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. First PoC-20 d
  2. Published
  3. TodayNov 15, 2026+3934 d

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (19 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records