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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-21687: vfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.23% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 1485932496a1b025235af8aa1e21988d6b7ccd54, 665cfd1083866f87301bbd232cb8ba48dcf4acce, 6bcb8a5b70b80143db9bf12dfa7d53636f824d53; azl3 kernel 6.6.64.2-9 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.76.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.176.3-3 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.180.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1485932496a1b025235af8aa1e21988d6b7ccd54, 665cfd1083866f87301bbd232cb8ba48dcf4acce, 6bcb8a5b70b80143db9bf12dfa7d53636f824d53; azl3 kernel 6.6.64.2-9 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.76.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.176.3-3 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.180.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls count and offset are passed from user space and not checked, only offset is capped to 40 bits, which can be used to read/write out of bounds of the device.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 10, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 14th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · Linux
7.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-21687

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel4.1 and later · before 5.4.290
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.234
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.178
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.128
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.75
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.12
  • linux linux kernel6.13

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.1affected
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before f21636f24b6786c8b13f1af4319fa75ffcf17f38affected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before 9377cdc118cf327248f1a9dde7b87de067681dc9affected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before d19a8650fd3d7aed8d1af1d9a77f979a8430eba1affected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before ed81d82bb6e9df3a137f2c343ed689e6c68268efaffected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before 92340e6c5122d823ad064984ef7513eba9204048affected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before f65ce06387f8c1fb54bd59e18a8428248ec68eafaffected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before 6bcb8a5b70b80143db9bf12dfa7d53636f824d53affected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before 1485932496a1b025235af8aa1e21988d6b7ccd54affected · git
    • 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a and later · before c981c32c38af80737a2fedc16e270546d139ccddaffected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.128-16.1.128-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.12-16.12.12-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21685Feb 9, 2025 · platform/x86: lenovo-yoga-tab2-pro-1380-fastcharger: fix serdev race
    18Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-57950Feb 10, 2025 · drm/amd/display: Initialize denominator defaults to 1
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21688Feb 10, 2025 · drm/v3d: Assign job pointer to NULL before signaling the fence
    18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux1485932496a1b025235af8aa1e21988d6b7ccd54Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux665cfd1083866f87301bbd232cb8ba48dcf4acceVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6bcb8a5b70b80143db9bf12dfa7d53636f824d53Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux92340e6c5122d823ad064984ef7513eba9204048Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9377cdc118cf327248f1a9dde7b87de067681dc9Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxa20fcaa230f7472456d12cf761ed13938e320ac3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc981c32c38af80737a2fedc16e270546d139ccddVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxce9ff21ea89d191e477a02ad7eabf4f996b80a69Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd19a8650fd3d7aed8d1af1d9a77f979a8430eba1Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxed81d82bb6e9df3a137f2c343ed689e6c68268efVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf21636f24b6786c8b13f1af4319fa75ffcf17f38Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf65ce06387f8c1fb54bd59e18a8428248ec68eafVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.64.2-9 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.76.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.176.3-3 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.180.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.128-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (13 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records