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NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

CVE-2025-1178: GNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.80% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 56.4% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: azl3 binutils 2.41-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-3; azl3 binutils 2.41-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-3; azl3 gdb 13.2-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 13.2-9.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 binutils 2.41-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-3; azl3 binutils 2.41-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-3; azl3 gdb 13.2-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 13.2-9 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability was found in GNU Binutils 2.43. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function bfd_putl64 of the file libbfd.c of the component ld. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of the patch is 75086e9de1707281172cc77f178e7949a4414ed0. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

MediumCVSS 6.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 11, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.8% · 56th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

25

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
6.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-1178

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnubinutils
netappactive iq unified manager
netappontap select deploy administration utility

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu binutils2.43
  • netapp active iq unified managerall versions
  • netapp ontap select deploy administration utilityall versions

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GNU Binutils

    • 2.43affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12binutilsfrom 0—
Debian:14binutilsbefore 2.45-32.45-3
openSUSE:Leap 15.6binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-aarch64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-arm-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-avr-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-bpf-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-epiphany-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-hppa-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-hppa64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-i386-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ia64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-m68k-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-mips-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc64le-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-pru-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-riscv64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-rx-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-s390-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-s390x-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-sparc-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-sparc64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1

+46

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-12699finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unsp
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7614elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member access within null po
    40Plan
  • CVE-2014-9939ihex.c in GNU Binutils before 2.26 contains a stack buffer overflow when printing bad bytes in Intel Hex objects.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1153Feb 10, 2025 · GNU Binutils format.c bfd_set_format memory corruption
    9Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1176Feb 11, 2025 · GNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec heap-based overflow
    9Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-1179Feb 11, 2025 · GNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption
    9Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 binutils 2.41-3 on Azure Linux 3.02.41-3 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 binutils 2.41-5 on Azure Linux 3.02.41-3 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 gdb 13.2-7 on Azure Linux 3.013.2-9 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 gdb 13.2-9 on Azure Linux 3.013.2-9 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-13 on CBL Mariner 2.02.37-13 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-14 on CBL Mariner 2.02.37-13 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-14 on CBL-Mariner 2.02.37-13 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:binutils2.45-3 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-aarch64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-arm-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-avr-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-bpf-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-epiphany-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-hppa-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-hppa64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-i386-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-ia64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-m68k-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-mips-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:binutils2.45-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:bpftool7.5.0-160000.2.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:openucx1.15.0-150600.3.5.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:perf6.4.0.git33229.a3afe13a7f-150600.3.17.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-084013 days apartGNU Binutils objdump.c disassemble_bytes stack-based overflow
    25Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5244105 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c elf_gc_sweep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5245105 days apartGNU Binutils objdump debug.c debug_type_samep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11760 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec heap-based overflow
    9Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11790 days apartGNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption
    9Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11820 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c bfd_elf_reloc_symbol_deleted_p memory corruption
    9Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records