GNU Binutils objdump.c disassemble_bytes stack-based overflow
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.74% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 53.9% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
- Fixed version: GNU Binutils 2.44.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to GNU Binutils 2.44 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in GNU Binutils up to 2.43. This affects the function disassemble_bytes of the file binutils/objdump.c. The manipulation of the argument buf leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.44 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is baac6c221e9d69335bf41366a1c7d87d8ab2f893. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
- Published
- Jan 29, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.7% · 53th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-119
Report tools
Action score
25
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.7%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- proof of concept
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · VulDB
- 6.3
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| gnu | binutils | cpe:2.3:a:gnu:binutils |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- gnu binutilsbefore 2.44
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
GNU Binutils
- 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11 … (+28)affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine:v3.18 | binutils | before 2.40-r8 | 2.40-r8 |
| Alpine:v3.19 | binutils | before 2.41-r1 | 2.41-r1 |
| Alpine:v3.20 | binutils | before 2.42-r1 | 2.42-r1 |
| Alpine:v3.21 | binutils | before 2.43.1-r2 | 2.43.1-r2 |
| Alpine:v3.22 | binutils | before 2.44-r0 | 2.44-r0 |
| Debian:12 | binutils | all versions | — |
| Debian:13 | binutils | before 2.43.90.20250122-1 | 2.43.90.20250122-1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-aarch64-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-arm-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-avr-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-bpf-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-epiphany-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-hppa-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-hppa64-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-i386-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-ia64-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-m68k-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-mips-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-ppc-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-ppc64-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-ppc64le-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-pru-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-riscv64-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | cross-rx-binutils | before 2.45-150100.7.57.1 | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 |
+59
Same product
gnu: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2018-12699finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unsp40Plan
- CVE-2017-7614elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member access within null po40Plan
- CVE-2014-9939ihex.c in GNU Binutils before 2.26 contains a stack buffer overflow when printing bad bytes in Intel Hex objects.40Plan
- CVE-2017-7226The pe_ILF_object_p function in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, is vulnerable to37Monitor
- CVE-2017-6969readelf in GNU Binutils 2.28 is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer over-read while processing corrupt RL78 binaries.37Monitor
- CVE-2020-19726An issue was discovered in binutils libbfd.c 2.36 relating to the auxiliary symbol data allows attackers to read or write to system memory o35Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| GNU Binutils | 2.44 · description | Vendor (CNA) |
| alpine:binutils | 2.40-r8 · Alpine:v3.18 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:binutils | 2.43.90.20250122-1 · Debian:13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-aarch64-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-arm-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-avr-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-bpf-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-epiphany-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-hppa-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-hppa64-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:cross-i386-binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:binutils | 2.45-150100.7.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:binutils | 2.45-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:bpftool | 7.5.0-160000.2.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:openucx | 1.15.0-150600.3.5.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:perf | 6.4.0.git33229.a3afe13a7f-150600.3.17.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
- wenjusun (VulDB User)reporter
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2025-117813 days apartGNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption25Monitor
- CVE-2025-5244118 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c elf_gc_sweep memory corruption19Monitor
- CVE-2025-5245118 days apartGNU Binutils objdump debug.c debug_type_samep memory corruption19Monitor
- CVE-2025-114712 days apartGNU Binutils nm nm.c internal_strlen buffer overflow9Monitor
- CVE-2025-115312 days apartGNU Binutils format.c bfd_set_format memory corruption9Monitor
- CVE-2025-118113 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec memory corruption9Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory BufferCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Overflow BuffersCAPEC-100likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer ManipulationCAPEC-123likelihood: High · Very High
- Client-side Injection-induced Buffer OverflowCAPEC-14likelihood: Medium · High
- Filter Failure through Buffer OverflowCAPEC-24likelihood: High · High
- MIME ConversionCAPEC-42likelihood: High · High
- Overflow Binary Resource FileCAPEC-44likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer Overflow via Symbolic LinksCAPEC-45likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (4 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.