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CVE.org (no NVD analysis yet)· CNA Linux

CVE-2026-98369: xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.13% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb, 41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907, 5.15.222; azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.158.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb, 41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907, 5.15.222; azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.158.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject() syzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop(): WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage! Call Trace: __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline] ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620 ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651 xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405 worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486 When commit 4f4920669d21 ("xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through workqueue") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue, the reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers run in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU read-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU. Because finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an RCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing RCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without rcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings. Furthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net() may carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref). Additionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst->dev with blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb->dev alive while queued in the workqueue. Fix these issues by: 1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the caller's RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing. 2. Holding a reference on skb->dev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue deferral so skb->dev remains valid during finish() callback processing. 3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in xfrm_trans_reinject().

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 6, 2026
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 3th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • f520075da484306bbb8425afd2c42404ba74816f, 130d9e5017ade1b81d16783563edb38c12a2eab7, 6.1affected
    • 7d98b26684cb2390729525b341ea099f0badbe18 and later · before 41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907affected · git
    • 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 and later · before 6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ceaffected · git
    • 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 and later · before 0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdbaffected · git
    • 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 and later · before 68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40aaffected · git
    • 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 and later · before 6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174baffected · git
    • 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 and later · before 664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4affected · git
    • 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 and later · before d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19affected · git
    • 5.15.75 and later · before 5.15.222affected · semver
    • 5.19.17 and later · before 5.20affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.190-16.1.190-1
Debian:12linux-6.12before 6.12.113-1~deb12u16.12.113-1~deb12u1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.113-16.12.113-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 7.2.8-17.2.8-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-98367Oct 6, 2026 · RDMA/siw: Clear association under lock if siw_qp_modify fails in siw_accept
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-98368Oct 6, 2026 · esp: downgrade zerocopy managed frags before mutating skb frags
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-98370Oct 6, 2026 · xfrm: fix compat ALLOCSPI request use-after-free
    0Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdbVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.15.222Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.20Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6.1Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ceVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.158.1-1 · Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.190-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.12.113-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux7.2.8-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux-6.126.12.113-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. Fix recordedsame day
  3. TodayNov 9, 2026+34 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. CVSS— → 7.8
  2. Severity— → high
  3. Exploit maturity— → none
  4. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records