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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2026-72435: netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.16% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd, 50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776, 6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd, 50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776, 6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer() Sashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before rcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension. Fix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 15, 2026
Updated
Oct 16, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 6th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.2affected
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75ebaffected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before 6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9faffected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before 50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776affected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before d01b4b471f0fc5c396af62845e972ccf99cee29aaffected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before fcb565966534909377a16be5f7b065db2e25c8b5affected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before 8087bb360a936a6314d22b567e4b861656943eb6affected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before 93a775fd67f3ef34949a9523bfa69403ee74efddaffected · git
    • b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 and later · before 3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcdaffected · git
    • before 4.2not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.180-16.1.180-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.100-16.12.100-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 7.1.5-17.1.5-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-72433Aug 15, 2026 · netfilter: nft_meta_bridge: fix NFT_META_BRI_IIFPVID stack leak
    0Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-72434Aug 15, 2026 · netfilter: ipset: make sure gc is properly stopped
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-72436Aug 15, 2026 · netfilter: ipset: Don't use test_bit() in lockless RCU readers in hash types
    39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcdVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8087bb360a936a6314d22b567e4b861656943eb6Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux93a775fd67f3ef34949a9523bfa69403ee74efddVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75ebVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd01b4b471f0fc5c396af62845e972ccf99cee29aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxfcb565966534909377a16be5f7b065db2e25c8b5Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.180-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records