CVE-2026-64352· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

bpf: Allow LPM map access from sleepable BPF programs

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.12% (FIRST EPSS).
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: Linux Linux 2f884d371fafea137afea504d49ee4a7c8d7985b, 304ca50582f0c047370f85e13caec456f78c9fcc, 57454944737f3ad9a8703aecbbb79713b513a94b; azl3 kernel 6.6.144.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.145.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 2f884d371fafea137afea504d49ee4a7c8d7985b, 304ca50582f0c047370f85e13caec456f78c9fcc, 57454944737f3ad9a8703aecbbb79713b513a94b; azl3 kernel 6.6.144.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.145.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Allow LPM map access from sleepable BPF programs trie_lookup_elem() annotates its rcu_dereference_check() walks with only rcu_read_lock_bh_held(). Because rcu_dereference_check(p, c) resolves to "c || rcu_read_lock_held()", this passes for XDP/NAPI and classic RCU readers but fails for sleepable BPF programs, which enter via __bpf_prog_enter_sleepable() and hold only rcu_read_lock_trace(). trie_update_elem() and trie_delete_elem() have the same problem in a different form: they walk the trie with plain rcu_dereference(), which asserts rcu_read_lock_held() unconditionally. Both are reachable from sleepable BPF programs via the bpf_map_update_elem / bpf_map_delete_elem helpers, and from the syscall path under classic rcu_read_lock(). In the writer paths the trie is actually protected by trie->lock (an rqspinlock taken across the walk); we never relied on the RCU read-side lock to keep nodes alive there. A sleepable LSM hook that ends up touching an LPM trie therefore triggers lockdep on debug kernels: ============================= WARNING: suspicious RCU usage 7.1.0-... Tainted: G E ----------------------------- kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:249 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage! 1 lock held by net_tests/540: #0: (rcu_tasks_trace_srcu_struct){....}-{0:0}, at: __bpf_prog_enter_sleepable+0x26/0x280 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl lockdep_rcu_suspicious trie_lookup_elem bpf_prog_..._enforce_security_socket_connect bpf_trampoline_... security_socket_connect __sys_connect do_syscall_64 This is lockdep-only -- no UAF, since Tasks Trace RCU does serialize against the trie's reclaim path -- but it spams the console once per distinct callsite on every debug kernel running a sleepable BPF LSM that touches an LPM trie, which is increasingly common. For the lookup path, switch the rcu_dereference_check() annotation from rcu_read_lock_bh_held() to bpf_rcu_lock_held(), which accepts all three contexts (classic, BH, Tasks Trace). Other map types already follow this convention. For trie_update_elem() and trie_delete_elem(), annotate the walks as rcu_dereference_protected(*p, 1) -- matching trie_free() in the same file -- since trie->lock is held across the walk. rqspinlock has no lockdep_map, so the predicate degenerates to '1' rather than lockdep_is_held(&trie->lock); the protection is real but not machine-verifiable. trie_get_next_key() also uses bare rcu_dereference() but is reachable only from the BPF syscall, which holds classic rcu_read_lock() before dispatching, so it is left untouched.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Memory safety

Published: Jul 25, 2026
Updated: Sep 3, 2026
EPSS: 0.1% · 2th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.1%

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Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
linux	linux kernel	cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

linux linux kernel5.14 and later · before 5.15.212
linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.178
linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.145
linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.97
linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.40
linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 7.1.4

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Linux Linux
- 5.14affected
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before f0967d4f1ba4323a3cb7dc8fdba74dd3a8caaf04affected · git
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before 304ca50582f0c047370f85e13caec456f78c9fccaffected · git
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before ec662a8b2cde01e76b37ccd4b992d0342299e69caffected · git
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before 9bfdf4b81b0e56d47bc6c46c34a46638be716695affected · git
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before 57454944737f3ad9a8703aecbbb79713b513a94baffected · git
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before bd6ad9a6b30498d845413e863fb95c6fab3babe3affected · git
- 694cea395fded425008e93cd90cfdf7a451674af and later · before 2f884d371fafea137afea504d49ee4a7c8d7985baffected · git
- before 5.14not affected · semver
- 5.15.212 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Debian:12	linux	before 6.1.180-1	6.1.180-1
Debian:12	linux-6.12	before 6.12.100-1~deb12u1	6.12.100-1~deb12u1
Debian:13	linux	before 6.12.100-1	6.12.100-1
Debian:14	linux	before 7.1.4-1	7.1.4-1

Same product

linux: all records

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Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Linux Linux	2f884d371fafea137afea504d49ee4a7c8d7985b	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	304ca50582f0c047370f85e13caec456f78c9fcc	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	57454944737f3ad9a8703aecbbb79713b513a94b	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	9bfdf4b81b0e56d47bc6c46c34a46638be716695	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	bd6ad9a6b30498d845413e863fb95c6fab3babe3	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	ec662a8b2cde01e76b37ccd4b992d0342299e69c	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	f0967d4f1ba4323a3cb7dc8fdba74dd3a8caaf04	Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.144.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	6.6.145.2-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
debian:linux	6.1.180-1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux-6.12	6.12.100-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);2/* ... another thread is still running ... */3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);2free(dev->buf);3dev->buf = NULL;4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:10 PM UTC

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References

git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f884d371fafea137afea504d49ee4a7c8d7985b

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records