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CVE-2026-54891· NVD / CVE Program· CNA EEF

Plaintext APPLICATION_DATA injected during TLS handshake delivered to client application post-handshake in ssl

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.13% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Erlang OTP 07d2d0e93f6aaf7652a81e8df075fc1728da5e96, 11.2.12.10, 11.6.0.3.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Erlang OTP 07d2d0e93f6aaf7652a81e8df075fc1728da5e96, 11.2.12.10, 11.6.0.3 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (tls_gen_connection module) allows a network-positioned attacker to inject unauthenticated plaintext that the TLS client application later treats as authenticated server data. The function tls_gen_connection:handle_protocol_record/3 rejects APPLICATION_DATA records that arrive in pre-handshake states when the TLS endpoint acts as a server, but does not apply the same check when the endpoint acts as a client. A network-positioned attacker can send plaintext APPLICATION_DATA records to the client during the handshake. The records are buffered and, once the handshake completes successfully, delivered to the application as if they were authenticated post-handshake data. The attacker cannot observe the client's response or steer the connection, so the impact is limited to blind injection of unauthenticated bytes. The injection window is wider for TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3 than for TLS 1.3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/tls_gen_connection.erl. TLS 1.3 is affected starting with OTP 22.0, when TLS 1.3 support was added. This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 27.3.4.14, from OTP 28.0 before OTP 28.5.0.3, and from OTP 29.0 before OTP 29.0.3, corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.2.12.10, from 11.3 before 11.6.0.3, and from 11.7 before 11.7.3. Whether OTP before OTP 17.0, corresponding to ssl before 5.3.4, is affected is unknown.

MediumCVSS 6.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 2, 2026
Updated
Sep 8, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 2th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

25

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · EEF
6.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-54891

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
erlangerlang\/otp
erlangerlang\/ssl

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • erlang erlang/otp17.0 and later · before 27.3.4.14
  • erlang erlang/otp28.0 and later · before 28.5.0.3
  • erlang erlang/otp29.0 and later · before 29.0.3
  • erlang erlang/ssl5.3.4 and later · before 11.2.12.10
  • erlang erlang/ssl11.3 and later · before 11.6.0.3
  • erlang erlang/ssl11.7 and later · before 11.7.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (EEF). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Erlang OTP

    • before 17.0unknown · otp
    • 17.0 and later · before 27.3.4.14affected · otp
    • 28.0 and later · before 28.5.0.3affected · otp
    • 29.0 and later · before 29.0.3affected · otp
    • before 5.3.4unknown · otp
    • 5.3.4 and later · before 11.2.12.10affected · otp
    • 11.3 and later · before 11.6.0.3affected · otp
    • 11.7 and later · before 11.7.3affected · otp
    • 84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 and later · before 07d2d0e93f6aaf7652a81e8df075fc1728da5e96affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12erlangfrom 0—
Debian:13erlangbefore 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u31:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u3
Debian:14erlangbefore 1:29.0.3+dfsg-11:29.0.3+dfsg-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweederlangbefore 28.5.0.4-1.128.5.0.4-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweederlang27before 27.1.3-3.127.1.3-3.1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27before 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-asn1before 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-common_testbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-compilerbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-cryptobefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-debuggerbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-dialyzerbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-diameterbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-edocbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-eldapbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-erl_interfacebefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-ertsbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-etbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-eunitbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-examplesbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-ftpbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-gdb-toolsbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-inetsbefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-jinterfacebefore 0:27.3.4.17-1.hum10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1

+22

Same product

erlang: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-32433Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCEKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2017-1000385The Erlang otp TLS server answers with different TLS alerts to different error types in the RSA PKCS #1 1.5 padding.
    60This week
  • CVE-2022-37026In Erlang/OTP before 23.3.4.15, 24.x before 24.3.4.2, and 25.x before 25.0.2, there is a Client Authentication Bypass in certain client-cert
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-54886Jul 2, 2026 · SSH SFTP server denial of service via extended channel data infinite loop
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-54887Jul 2, 2026 · DTLS server cookie bypass during startup window due to empty initial cookie secret
    25Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-55950Jul 2, 2026 · DTLS listener crash via race condition in dtls_packet_demux causes denial of service for all sessions
    34Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Erlang OTP07d2d0e93f6aaf7652a81e8df075fc1728da5e96Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP11.2.12.10Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP11.6.0.3Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP11.7.3Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP27.3.4.14Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP28.5.0.3Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP29.0.3Vendor (CNA)
debian:erlang1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u3 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:erlang28.5.0.4-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:erlang2727.1.3-3.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang270:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-asn10:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-common_test0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-compiler0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-crypto0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-debugger0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-dialyzer0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-diameter0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-edoc0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-eldap0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-erl_interface0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-erts0:27.3.4.17-1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
suse:erlang23.3.4.19-150300.3.39.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:erlang2626.2.1-150300.7.28.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-924 · Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records