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NVD / CVE Program· CNA EEF

CVE-2026-54890: BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding

HighCVSS 8.2 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.45% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Erlang OTP 15.2.7.11, 16.4.0.4, 17.0.4.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Erlang OTP 15.2.7.11, 16.4.0.4, 17.0.4 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c. The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type "binary"). The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings). Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011). This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 27.3.4.15, OTP 28.5.0.4, and OTP 29.0.4, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 15.2.7.11, 16.4.0.4, and 17.0.4.

Published
Jul 27, 2026
Updated
Nov 11, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 39th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

32

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
32 / 40 · 8.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · EEF
8.2
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Follow CVE-2026-54890

When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
erlangerlang/otp
erlangerts

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (EEF). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Erlang OTP

    • 27.0 and lateraffected · otpfixed in 27.3.4.15, 28.5.0.4, 29.0.4
    • 15.0 and lateraffected · otpfixed in 15.2.7.11, 16.4.0.4, 17.0.4
    • 24ef4cbaeda9b9c26682cba75f2f15b0c58722aa and later · before dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fdaffected · git
Affected versions · NVD (6)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • erlang erlang/otp27.0 and later · before 27.3.4.15
  • erlang erlang/otp28.0 and later · before 28.5.0.4
  • erlang erlang/otp29.0 and later · before 29.0.4
  • erlang erts15.0 and later · before 15.2.7.11
  • erlang erts16.0 and later · before 16.4.0.4
  • erlang erts17.0 and later · before 17.0.4

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12erlangfrom 0—
Debian:13erlangbefore 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u31:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u3
Debian:14erlangbefore 1:29.0.4+dfsg-11:29.0.4+dfsg-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweederlangbefore 28.5.0.4-1.128.5.0.4-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweederlang27before 27.1.3-3.127.1.3-3.1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27before 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-asn1before 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-common_testbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-compilerbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-cryptobefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-debuggerbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-dialyzerbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-diameterbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-edocbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-eldapbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-erl_interfacebefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-ertsbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-etbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-eunitbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-examplesbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-ftpbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-gdb-toolsbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-inetsbefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1erlang27-jinterfacebefore 0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1

+20

Same product

erlang: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-55953TLS 1.2 and DTLS client accepts unoffered anonymous cipher suite, bypassing server authentication
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-49759Stack buffer overflow in SCTP error cause parsing in inet_drv allows remote VM crash
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-59251Denial of service via exponential certificate policy tree growth in path validation
    34Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-55952Jul 2, 2026 · TLS 1.3 server denial of service via malformed ClientHello pre-shared key extension
    32Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-42792Jul 27, 2026 · epmd permanent DoS via EMFILE on accept(2) in erts
    25Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-55737Jul 27, 2026 · Heap pointer corruption via signed/unsigned mismatch in LARGE_TUPLE_EXT decoding in erts external term format decoder
    20Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Erlang OTP15.2.7.11Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP16.4.0.4Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP17.0.4Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP27.3.4.15Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP28.5.0.4Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP29.0.4Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTPdc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fdVendor (CNA)
debian:erlang1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u3 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:erlang28.5.0.4-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:erlang2727.1.3-3.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang270:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-asn10:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-common_test0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-compiler0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-crypto0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-debugger0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-dialyzer0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-diameter0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-edoc0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-eldap0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-erl_interface0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:erlang27-erts0:27.3.4.15-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Not on record for this CVE: variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-191 · Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records