NVD / CVE Program· CNA WSO2

CVE-2026-5430: Authentication Bypass via JWT Algorithm Mismatch in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Account Takeover

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 77/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Sep 24, 2026). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Sep 27, 2026.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 22.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 97.7% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Until a fix is released, restrict access to the affected component and follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

The JWT authentication mechanism accepts tokens signed with algorithms other than those explicitly configured or supported. This allows an attacker to craft a JWT with an unsupported algorithm, which is then incorrectly validated, leading to unauthorized access. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in unauthorized access to the system, including the potential compromise of administrative accounts and full account takeover. The CVSS score is adjusted to 9.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) in single-tenant deployments, reflecting that the impact is contained within a single security authority boundary.

CriticalCVSS 10.0 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

Published: Aug 6, 2026
Updated: Sep 25, 2026
EPSS: 22.3% · 97th percentile
CWE: CWE-347

Report tools

JSON

Action score

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS: 40 / 40 · 10.0 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 7 / 30 · 22.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · WSO2: 10.0; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Sep 24, 2026. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Sep 27, 2026.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
wso2	api control plane	cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_control_plane
wso2	api manager	cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager
wso2	traffic manager	cpe:2.3:a:wso2:traffic_manager
wso2	universal gateway	cpe:2.3:a:wso2:universal_gateway

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

wso2 api control plane4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.58
wso2 api control plane4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.22
wso2 api manager4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.0.257
wso2 api manager4.2.0 and later · before 4.2.0.197
wso2 api manager4.3.0 and later · before 4.3.0.108
wso2 api manager4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.0.72
wso2 api manager4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.57
wso2 api manager4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.21
wso2 traffic manager4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.56
wso2 traffic manager4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.21
wso2 universal gateway4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.57
wso2 universal gateway4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.21

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (WSO2). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.58affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.22affected
WSO2 WSO2 API Manager
- before 4.1.0unknown
- 4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.0.257affected
- 4.2.0 and later · before 4.2.0.197affected
- 4.3.0 and later · before 4.3.0.108affected
- 4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.0.72affected
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.57affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.21affected
WSO2 WSO2 Carbon API Manager Rest API Utility
- 9.20.74 and later · before 9.20.74.401affected
- 9.28.116 and later · before 9.28.116.417affected
- 9.29.120 and later · before 9.29.120.236affected
- 9.30.67 and later · before 9.30.67.167affected
- 9.31.86 and later · before 9.31.86.158affected
- 9.32.147 and later · before 9.32.147.59affected
- 9.33.106 and laternot affected
WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.56affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.21affected
WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.57affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.21affected

Same product

wso2: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2026-1728Privilege Escalation via System REST APIs in Multiple WSO2 Products Permits Admin Account Takeover
39Monitor
CVE-2025-9312Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products
39Monitor
CVE-2025-9152Improper Privilege Management in Multiple WSO2 API Manager via keymanager-operations DCR Endpoint
39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-8591Jul 6, 2026 · Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Modification
24Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-2445Jul 20, 2026 · Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Redirection and Modification
24Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-10302Aug 6, 2026 · Improper Input Validation via Signup Process in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables Content Manipulation and Data Exposure
23Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×4

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-09-16
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:2	2026-09-25
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:1	2026-10-08
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-10-08

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedAug 6, 2026
First PoCSep 16, 2026+41 d
CISA KEVSep 24, 2026+49 d
TodayNov 11, 2026+97 d

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

hacktron.aifinder

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

CVE-2025-1273728 days apartArbitrary Code Execution via Administrative Operations in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Remote Code Execution
33Monitor
CVE-2025-13590168 days apartAuthenticated arbitrary file upload via a System REST API requiring administrator permission.
28Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-347 · Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

The verifier takes the algorithm to verify with from the token’s own header. Untrusted data ends up deciding its own verification rule.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-347 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey);

Fixed

1const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey, {
2  algorithms: ["RS256"],
3  issuer: "https://id.example.com",
4  audience: "portal",
5});

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2026-5328/

Show all references (1 more)

www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-5430

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records