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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2026-53264: net/sched: act_api: use RCU with deferred freeing for action lifecycle

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.48% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 18af5d2ef0c4f65787fd1280c8b23286b9f2a835, 1f1b98fea6b9ea30507d0f2fbff6750292d097e2, 5057e1aca011e51ef51498c940ef96f3d3e8a305; azl3 kernel 6.6.141.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.143.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 18af5d2ef0c4f65787fd1280c8b23286b9f2a835, 1f1b98fea6b9ea30507d0f2fbff6750292d097e2, 5057e1aca011e51ef51498c940ef96f3d3e8a305; azl3 kernel 6.6.141.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.143.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: act_api: use RCU with deferred freeing for action lifecycle When NEWTFILTER and DELFILTER are run concurrently it is possible to create a race with an associated action. Let's illustrate with CPU0 running NEWTFILTER and CPU1 running DELFILTER: 0: mutex_lock() <-- holds the idr lock 0: rcu_read_lock() 0: p = idr_find(idr, index) <-- action p is valid (RCU protects IDR) 0: mutex_unlock() <-- releases the idr lock 1: refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock() <-- refcnt 1->0, mutex held 1: idr_remove(idr, index) <-- Action removed from IDR 1: mutex_unlock() <-- mutex released allowing us to delete the action 1: tcf_action_cleanup(p); kfree(p) <-- Kfrees p immediately, no deferral 0: refcount_inc_not_zero(&p->tcfa_refcnt) <-- ouch, UAF p points to freed memory This patch fixes the race condition between NEWTFILTER and DELFILTER by adding struct rcu_head to tc_action used in the deferral and introducing a call_rcu() in the delete path to defer the final kfree(). Note: this is a revert of commit d7fb60b9cafb ("net_sched: get rid of tcfa_rcu") but also modernization/simplification to directly use kfree_rcu(). Let's illustrate the new restored code path: 0: rcu_read_lock() 1: refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock() <-- refcnt 1->0, mutex held 1: idr_remove(idr, index) 1: mutex_unlock() 1: call_rcu(&p->tcfa_rcu, tcf_action_rcu_free) <-- defer kfree after grace period 0: p = idr_find(idr, index) 0: refcount_inc_not_zero(&p->tcfa_refcnt) <-- fails, refcnt already 0 1: rcu_read_unlock() <-- release so freeing can run after grace period After CPU1 calls idr_remove(), the object is no longer reachable through the IDR. CPU0's subsequent idr_find() will return NULL, and even if it still held a stale pointer, the immediate kfree() is now deferred until after the RCU grace period, so no UAF can occur.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Jun 25, 2026
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 41th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-53264

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel4.14 and later · before 5.10.259
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.210
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.176
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.143
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.94
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.36
  • linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 7.0.13
  • linux linux kernel7.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.14affected
    • 7.1 and laternot affected · original_commit_for_fix
    • 6.6.143 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
    • 6.12.94 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
    • 6.18.36 and later · up to and including 6.18.*not affected · semver
    • 7.0.13 and later · up to and including 7.0.*not affected · semver
    • d7fb60b9cafb982cb2e46a267646a8dfd4f2e5da and later · before 98b2e40879abf0245be5a5b7af69e0f6ff524ac3affected · git
    • d7fb60b9cafb982cb2e46a267646a8dfd4f2e5da and later · before 18af5d2ef0c4f65787fd1280c8b23286b9f2a835affected · git
    • d7fb60b9cafb982cb2e46a267646a8dfd4f2e5da and later · before 1f1b98fea6b9ea30507d0f2fbff6750292d097e2affected · git
    • d7fb60b9cafb982cb2e46a267646a8dfd4f2e5da and later · before 8b136f18ac4b2ace5aaad3305b3f8a5d8165a009affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernelbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64kbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debugbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-develbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-modulesbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-modules-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-modules-extrabefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-develbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-devel-matchedbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-modulesbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-modules-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-modules-extrabefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-cross-headersbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debugbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-develbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-devel-matchedbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-modulesbefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-modules-corebefore 6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_26.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2

+96

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  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
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  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-53262Jun 25, 2026 · l2tp: pppol2tp: hold reference to session in pppol2tp_ioctl()
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-53263Jun 25, 2026 · 6lowpan: fix off-by-one in multicast context address compression
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-53265Jun 25, 2026 · dm cache policy smq: check allocation under invalidate lock
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux18af5d2ef0c4f65787fd1280c8b23286b9f2a835Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux1f1b98fea6b9ea30507d0f2fbff6750292d097e2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5057e1aca011e51ef51498c940ef96f3d3e8a305Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5dd51e09020c65aa53cf128e5e3517cd53b3c113Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8b136f18ac4b2ace5aaad3305b3f8a5d8165a009Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux91d105d2cbe002f9c7b43a6183adedc37e1da1f7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux98b2e40879abf0245be5a5b7af69e0f6ff524ac3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxb60e9391142e983fab2be53497aa8f71fdd09cd5Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.141.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.143.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:kernel6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-core6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-devel6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-devel-matched6.12.0-211.47.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.176-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:5.14.0-570.134.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+17

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×2

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:32026-07-28
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:12026-10-16

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+33 d
  3. TodayOct 26, 2026+123 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

All records