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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-45130: Vim: Heap Buffer Overflow in spell file loading

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.24% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: vim vim 9.2.0450; azl3 vim 9.2.0392-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.2.0461-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to vim vim 9.2.0450; azl3 vim 9.2.0392-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.2.0461-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0450, a heap buffer overflow exists in read_compound() in src/spellfile.c when loading a crafted spell file (.spl) with UTF-8 encoding active. An attacker-controlled length field in the spell file's compound section overflows a 32-bit signed integer multiplication, causing a small buffer to be allocated for a write loop that runs many iterations, overflowing the heap. Because the 'spelllang' option can be set from a modeline, a text file modeline can trigger spell file loading if a malicious .spl file has been planted on the runtimepath. This issue has been patched in version 9.2.0450.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 8, 2026
Updated
Jul 24, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 16th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · GitHub_M
6.6
1.1 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-45130

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
vimvim
neovimneovim

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • neovim neovimup to 0.12.2 inclusive
  • vim vimbefore 9.2.0450

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • vim vim

    • < 9.2.0450affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.23vimbefore 9.2.0452-r09.2.0452-r0
Debian:12vimfrom 0—
Debian:14vimbefore 2:9.2.0461-12:9.2.0461-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedvimbefore 9.2.0530-1.19.2.0530-1.1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vimbefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-commonbefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-databefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-default-editorbefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-enhancedbefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-filesystembefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-minimalbefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1vim-X11before 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1xxdbefore 0:9.2.967-1.1.hum10:9.2.967-1.1.hum1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3vimbefore 9.2.0530-150000.5.94.19.2.0530-150000.5.94.1
SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2vimbefore 9.2.0530-160000.1.19.2.0530-160000.1.1

Same product

vim: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2008-2712Vim 7.1.314, 6.4, and other versions allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via Vim scripts that do not properl
    42Plan
  • CVE-2022-0318Heap-based Buffer Overflow in vim/vim
    40Plan
  • CVE-2019-12735getchar.c in Vim before 8.1.1365 and Neovim before 0.3.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the :source! command i
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-42307May 8, 2026 · Vim: OS Command Injection in netrw
    17Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-44656May 8, 2026 · Vim: OS Command Injection via 'path' completion
    18Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-46483May 15, 2026 · Vim: Command injection in tar#Vimuntar via missing shellescape {special} flag
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
vim vim9.2.0450 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
azl3 vim 9.2.0392-1 on Azure Linux 3.09.2.0461-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
alpine:vim9.2.0452-r0 · Alpine:v3.23Package registry (OSV)
debian:vim2:9.2.0461-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:vim9.2.0530-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:vim0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-common0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-data0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-default-editor0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-enhanced0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-filesystem0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-minimal0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:vim-X110:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:xxd0:9.2.967-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
suse:vim9.2.0530-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-7307295 days apartVim: Heap Buffer Overflow when Loading a Spell File
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-2574991 days apartHeap Overflow in Vim
    26Monitor
  • CVE-2026-2841870 days apartVim has Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Emacs tags parsing
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2026-2842070 days apartVim has Heap-based Buffer Overflow and OOB Read in :terminal
    17Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-122 · Heap-based Buffer Overflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records