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CVE-2026-44293· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

protobufjs: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.73% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 53.4% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: protobufjs protobuf.js 7.5.6.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to protobufjs protobuf.js 7.5.6 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.5.6 and 8.0.2, protobufjs generated JavaScript for toObject conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled bytes field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a bytes field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.6 and 8.0.2.

HighCVSS 7.7 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 13, 2026
Updated
Sep 9, 2026
EPSS
0.7% · 53th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.7%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
7.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-44293

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
protobufjs projectprotobufjs

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • protobufjs project protobufjsbefore 7.5.6
  • protobufjs project protobufjs8.0.0 and later · before 8.0.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • protobufjs protobuf.js

    • < 7.5.6, >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.2affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
npmprotobufjsfrom 8.0.0 · before 8.0.28.0.2
npmprotobufjsbefore 7.5.67.5.6
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9automation-controllerbefore 0:4.7.13-2.el9ap0:4.7.13-2.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9automation-controller-clibefore 0:4.7.13-2.el9ap0:4.7.13-2.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9python3.12-urllib3before 0:2.7.0-1.el9ap0:2.7.0-1.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9automation-controller-serverbefore 0:4.7.13-2.el9ap0:4.7.13-2.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9automation-controller-uibefore 0:4.7.13-2.el9ap0:4.7.13-2.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9automation-controller-venv-towerbefore 0:4.7.13-2.el9ap0:4.7.13-2.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9automation-platform-uibefore 0:2.6.10-1.el9ap0:2.6.10-1.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9python3.12-pyjwtbefore 0:2.13.0-1.el9ap0:2.13.0-1.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9python3.12-pyjwt+cryptobefore 0:2.13.0-1.el9ap0:2.13.0-1.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9python3.12-pysequoiabefore 0:0.1.34-1.el9ap0:0.1.34-1.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9python3.12-pysequoia-debuginfobefore 0:0.1.34-1.el9ap0:0.1.34-1.el9ap
Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9python3.12-pysequoia-debugsourcebefore 0:0.1.34-1.el9ap0:0.1.34-1.el9ap
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2rh-podman-desktopbefore 0:1.1.1-1.el10_20:1.1.1-1.el10_2

Same product

protobufjs project: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-36665"protobuf.js (aka protobufjs) 6.10.0 through 7.x before 7.2.5 allows Prototype Pollution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2022-25878.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-41242protobufjs has an arbitrary code execution issue
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-44291protobufjs: Code generation gadget after prototype pollution
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2022-25878The package protobufjs before 6.11.3 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution which can allow an attacker to add/modify properties of the Objec
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-59877protobufjs: Denial of Service via infinite loop in .proto option parsing
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-48712protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
protobufjs protobuf.js7.5.6 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
npm:protobufjs7.5.6Package registry (OSV)
npm:protobufjs8.0.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:automation-controller0:4.7.13-2.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:automation-controller-cli0:4.7.13-2.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:automation-controller-server0:4.7.13-2.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:automation-controller-ui0:4.7.13-2.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:automation-controller-venv-tower0:4.7.13-2.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:automation-platform-ui0:2.6.10-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3.12-pyjwt0:2.13.0-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3.12-pyjwt+crypto0:2.13.0-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3.12-pysequoia0:0.1.34-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3.12-pysequoia-debuginfo0:0.1.34-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3.12-pysequoia-debugsource0:0.1.34-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3.12-urllib30:2.7.0-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9Package registry (OSV)
red hat:rh-podman-desktop0:1.1.1-1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-4124225 days apartprotobufjs has an arbitrary code execution issue
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-442910 days apartprotobufjs: Code generation gadget after prototype pollution
    32Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (14 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records