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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2026-31469: virtio_net: Fix UAF on dst_ops when IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE is cleared and napi_tx is false

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.13% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 63d45077b97bb0e0fe0c75931acbbca7a47af141, 8a4790850e710fd6771e4d2112168ed1dd6c0e54, 9a18629f2525781f0f3dda7be72b204e4cf77d08; azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.134.1-2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 63d45077b97bb0e0fe0c75931acbbca7a47af141, 8a4790850e710fd6771e4d2112168ed1dd6c0e54, 9a18629f2525781f0f3dda7be72b204e4cf77d08; azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.134.1-2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: virtio_net: Fix UAF on dst_ops when IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE is cleared and napi_tx is false A UAF issue occurs when the virtio_net driver is configured with napi_tx=N and the device's IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE flag is cleared (e.g., during the configuration of tc route filter rules). When IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE is removed from the net_device, the network stack expects the driver to hold the reference to skb->dst until the packet is fully transmitted and freed. In virtio_net with napi_tx=N, skbs may remain in the virtio transmit ring for an extended period. If the network namespace is destroyed while these skbs are still pending, the corresponding dst_ops structure has freed. When a subsequent packet is transmitted, free_old_xmit() is triggered to clean up old skbs. It then calls dst_release() on the skb associated with the stale dst_entry. Since the dst_ops (referenced by the dst_entry) has already been freed, a UAF kernel paging request occurs. fix it by adds skb_dst_drop(skb) in start_xmit to explicitly release the dst reference before the skb is queued in virtio_net. Call Trace: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff80007e150000 CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 6236 Comm: ping Kdump: loaded Not tainted 7.0.0-rc1+ #6 PREEMPT ... percpu_counter_add_batch+0x3c/0x158 lib/percpu_counter.c:98 (P) dst_release+0xe0/0x110 net/core/dst.c:177 skb_release_head_state+0xe8/0x108 net/core/skbuff.c:1177 sk_skb_reason_drop+0x54/0x2d8 net/core/skbuff.c:1255 dev_kfree_skb_any_reason+0x64/0x78 net/core/dev.c:3469 napi_consume_skb+0x1c4/0x3a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1527 __free_old_xmit+0x164/0x230 drivers/net/virtio_net.c:611 [virtio_net] free_old_xmit drivers/net/virtio_net.c:1081 [virtio_net] start_xmit+0x7c/0x530 drivers/net/virtio_net.c:3329 [virtio_net] ... Reproduction Steps: NETDEV="enp3s0" config_qdisc_route_filter() { tc qdisc del dev $NETDEV root tc qdisc add dev $NETDEV root handle 1: prio tc filter add dev $NETDEV parent 1:0 \ protocol ip prio 100 route to 100 flowid 1:1 ip route add 192.168.1.100/32 dev $NETDEV realm 100 } test_ns() { ip netns add testns ip link set $NETDEV netns testns ip netns exec testns ifconfig $NETDEV 10.0.32.46/24 ip netns exec testns ping -c 1 10.0.32.1 ip netns del testns } config_qdisc_route_filter test_ns sleep 2 test_ns

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 22, 2026
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 2th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel2.6.26 and later · before 5.10.253
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.203
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.168
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.131
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.80
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.21
  • linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 6.19.11
  • linux linux kernel7.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 2.6.26affected
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before be0e63f3b97bbaf453c542e8a15ba2a536e2ac01affected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before c1ec36cb3768574b916f20d2d7415fd14fa1bf12affected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before 8a4790850e710fd6771e4d2112168ed1dd6c0e54affected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before fedd2e1630cac920844997227ccbe7b26a76375aaffected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before f04733c4dc40c43899c3d1c97afbae5831a3770faffected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before 9a18629f2525781f0f3dda7be72b204e4cf77d08affected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before 63d45077b97bb0e0fe0c75931acbbca7a47af141affected · git
    • f2fc6a54585a1be6669613a31fbaba2ecbadcd36 and later · before ba8bda9a0896746053aa97ac6c3e08168729172caffected · git
    • before 2.6.26not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.170-16.1.170-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.85-16.12.85-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.19.11-16.19.11-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0dtb-aarch64before 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-64kbbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-azurebefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-defaultbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-default-basebefore 6.12.0-160000.36.1.160000.2.176.12.0-160000.36.1.160000.2.17
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-docsbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-obs-qabefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-rtbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-sourcebefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-symsbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.12.0-160000.36.16.12.0-160000.36.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5kernel-defaultbefore 4.12.14-122.317.14.12.14-122.317.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_84before 1-8.7.11-8.7.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_17before 1-150700.15.3.11-150700.15.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_17before 1-150700.1.3.11-150700.1.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150700.53.63.16.4.0-150700.53.63.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150700.53.63.16.4.0-150700.53.63.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1.150700.17.37.16.4.0-150700.53.63.1.150700.17.37.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150700.53.63.16.4.0-150700.53.63.1

+28

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-31466Apr 22, 2026 · mm/huge_memory: fix folio isn't locked in softleaf_to_folio()
    18Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-31468Apr 22, 2026 · vfio/pci: Fix double free in dma-buf feature
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-31470Apr 22, 2026 · virt: tdx-guest: Fix handling of host controlled 'quote' buffer length
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux63d45077b97bb0e0fe0c75931acbbca7a47af141Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8a4790850e710fd6771e4d2112168ed1dd6c0e54Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9a18629f2525781f0f3dda7be72b204e4cf77d08Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxba8bda9a0896746053aa97ac6c3e08168729172cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxbe0e63f3b97bbaf453c542e8a15ba2a536e2ac01Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc1ec36cb3768574b916f20d2d7415fd14fa1bf12Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf04733c4dc40c43899c3d1c97afbae5831a3770fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxfedd2e1630cac920844997227ccbe7b26a76375aVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.134.1-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.170-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-azure6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.12.0-160000.36.1.160000.2.17 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-rt6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-azure6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-48.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-48.1.21.25 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-48.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-obs-build6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-obs-qa6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)

+4

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

All records