CVE-2026-31414: netfilter: nf_conntrack_expect: use expect->helper
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.58% (FIRST EPSS).
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 3dfd3f7712b5a800f2ba632179e9b738076a51f0, 4bd1b3d839172724b33d8d02c5a4ff6a1c775417, 847cb7fe26c5ce5dce0d1a41fac1ea488b7f1781; azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.134.1-2.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 3dfd3f7712b5a800f2ba632179e9b738076a51f0, 4bd1b3d839172724b33d8d02c5a4ff6a1c775417, 847cb7fe26c5ce5dce0d1a41fac1ea488b7f1781; azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.134.1-2 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack_expect: use expect->helper Use expect->helper in ctnetlink and /proc to dump the helper name. Using nfct_help() without holding a reference to the master conntrack is unsafe. Use exp->master->helper in ctnetlink path if userspace does not provide an explicit helper when creating an expectation to retain the existing behaviour. The ctnetlink expectation path holds the reference on the master conntrack and nf_conntrack_expect lock and the nfnetlink glue path refers to the master ct that is attached to the skb.
- Published
- Apr 13, 2026
- Updated
- Nov 10, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.5% · 48th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-476
Report tools
Action score
39
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.5%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · Linux
- 9.8
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 2.6.30affected
- ea781f197d6a835cbb93a0bf88ee1696296ed8aa and later · before 847cb7fe26c5ce5dce0d1a41fac1ea488b7f1781affected · git
- ea781f197d6a835cbb93a0bf88ee1696296ed8aa and later · before e7ccaa0a62a8ff2be5d521299ce79390c318d306affected · git
- ea781f197d6a835cbb93a0bf88ee1696296ed8aa and later · before 4bd1b3d839172724b33d8d02c5a4ff6a1c775417affected · git
- ea781f197d6a835cbb93a0bf88ee1696296ed8aa and later · before b53294bff19e56ada2f230ceb8b1ffde61cc3817affected · git
- ea781f197d6a835cbb93a0bf88ee1696296ed8aa and later · before 3dfd3f7712b5a800f2ba632179e9b738076a51f0affected · git
- ea781f197d6a835cbb93a0bf88ee1696296ed8aa and later · before f01794106042ee27e54af6fdf5b319a2fe3df94daffected · git
- before 2.6.30not affected · semver
- 6.1.168 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
- 6.6.134 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (6)
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel2.6.30 and later · before 6.1.168
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.134
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.81
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.22
- linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 6.19.12
- linux linux kernel7.0
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.170-1 | 6.1.170-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.12.85-1 | 6.12.85-1 |
| Debian:14 | linux | before 6.19.12-1 | 6.19.12-1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | dtb-aarch64 | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-64kb | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-azure | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-default | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-default-base | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1.160000.2.17 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1.160000.2.17 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-docs | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-kvmsmall | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-obs-build | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-obs-qa | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-rt | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-source | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-syms | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | kernel-zfcpdump | before 6.12.0-160000.36.1 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_17 | before 1-150700.15.3.1 | 1-150700.15.3.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_17 | before 1-150700.1.3.1 | 1-150700.1.3.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-64kb | before 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-default | before 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-default-base | before 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1.150700.17.37.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1.150700.17.37.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-source | before 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-zfcpdump | before 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | kernel-docs | before 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.63.1 |
+24
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-31420Apr 13, 2026 · bridge: mrp: reject zero test interval to avoid OOM panic22Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-31425Apr 13, 2026 · rds: ib: reject FRMR registration before IB connection is established22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-31415Apr 13, 2026 · ipv6: avoid overflows in ip6_datagram_send_ctl()22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 3dfd3f7712b5a800f2ba632179e9b738076a51f0 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 4bd1b3d839172724b33d8d02c5a4ff6a1c775417 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 847cb7fe26c5ce5dce0d1a41fac1ea488b7f1781 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | b53294bff19e56ada2f230ceb8b1ffde61cc3817 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | e7ccaa0a62a8ff2be5d521299ce79390c318d306 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | f01794106042ee27e54af6fdf5b319a2fe3df94d | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.130.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.134.1-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.170-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:dtb-aarch64 | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-64kb | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-azure | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-default | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-default-base | 6.12.0-160000.36.1.160000.2.17 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-docs | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-obs-build | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-obs-qa | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-rt | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-source | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-syms | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-64kb | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-azure | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 6.4.0-48.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-48.1.21.25 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-kvmsmall | 6.4.0-48.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-build | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-qa | 6.12.0-160000.36.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-rt | 6.4.0-48.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source | 6.4.0-48.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
+2
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-476 · NULL Pointer DereferenceCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log (2)
- SSVC exploitation— → none
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (8 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/4bd1b3d839172724b33d8d02c5a4ff6a1c775417
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/847cb7fe26c5ce5dce0d1a41fac1ea488b7f1781
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/b53294bff19e56ada2f230ceb8b1ffde61cc3817
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7ccaa0a62a8ff2be5d521299ce79390c318d306
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/f01794106042ee27e54af6fdf5b319a2fe3df94d
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.