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NVD / CVE Program· CNA EEF

CVE-2026-28810: Predictable DNS Transaction IDs Enable Cache Poisoning in Built-in Resolver

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.26% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Erlang OTP 10.2.7.4, 10.6.2, 26.2.5.19; azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Erlang OTP 10.2.7.4, 10.6.2, 26.2.5.19; azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers vulnerability in Erlang/OTP kernel (inet_res, inet_db modules) allows DNS Cache Poisoning. The built-in DNS resolver (inet_res) uses a sequential, process-global 16-bit transaction ID for UDP queries and does not implement source port randomization. Response validation relies almost entirely on this ID, making DNS cache poisoning practical for an attacker who can observe one query or predict the next ID. This conflicts with RFC 5452 recommendations for mitigating forged DNS answers. inet_res is intended for use in trusted network environments and with trusted recursive resolvers. Earlier documentation did not clearly state this deployment assumption, which could lead users to deploy the resolver in environments where spoofed DNS responses are possible. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/kernel/src/inet_db.erl and lib/kernel/src/inet_res.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 28.4.2, OTP 27.3.4.10 and OTP 26.2.5.19, corresponding to kernel from 3.0 before 10.6.2, 10.2.7.4 and 9.2.4.11.

MediumCVSS 6.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 7, 2026
Updated
Oct 26, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 19th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

25

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · EEF
6.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-28810

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
erlangerlang/otp

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • erlang erlang/otp17.0 and later · before 26.2.5.19
  • erlang erlang/otp27.0 and later · before 27.3.4.10
  • erlang erlang/otp28.0 and later · before 28.4.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (EEF). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Erlang OTP

    • 3.0 and lateraffected · otpfixed in 10.6.2, 10.2.7.4, 9.2.4.11
    • 17.0 and lateraffected · otpfixed in 28.4.2, 27.3.4.10, 26.2.5.19
    • 07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79 and lateraffected · gitfixed in 36f23c9d2cc54afe83671dd7343596d7972839a5, dd15e8eb03548c5e55e9915f0e91389ec6bad9fd, b057a9d995017b1be50d6dc02edd52382f3231b8

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12erlangfrom 0—
Debian:13erlangbefore 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u31:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u3
Debian:14erlangbefore 1:27.3.4.10+dfsg-11:27.3.4.10+dfsg-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0erlangbefore 27.1.3-160000.4.127.1.3-160000.4.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweederlang27before 27.1.3-2.127.1.3-2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7erlangbefore 23.3.4.19-150300.3.39.123.3.4.19-150300.3.39.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7erlang26before 26.2.1-150300.7.28.126.2.1-150300.7.28.1

Same product

erlang: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-55953TLS 1.2 and DTLS client accepts unoffered anonymous cipher suite, bypassing server authentication
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-49759Stack buffer overflow in SCTP error cause parsing in inet_drv allows remote VM crash
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-59251Denial of service via exponential certificate policy tree growth in path validation
    34Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • Later →CVE-2026-32144Apr 7, 2026 · OCSP designated-responder authorization bypass via missing signature verification
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-32147Apr 21, 2026 · SFTP chroot bypass via path traversal in SSH_FXP_FSETSTAT
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-42789May 27, 2026 · Non-CA certificate accepted as intermediate issuer in public_key path validation
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Erlang OTP10.2.7.4Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP10.6.2Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP26.2.5.19Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP27.3.4.10Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP28.4.2Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP36f23c9d2cc54afe83671dd7343596d7972839a5Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTP9.2.4.11Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTPb057a9d995017b1be50d6dc02edd52382f3231b8Vendor (CNA)
Erlang OTPdd15e8eb03548c5e55e9915f0e91389ec6bad9fdVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.157.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:erlang1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u3 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:erlang27.1.3-160000.4.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:erlang2727.1.3-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
suse:erlang23.3.4.19-150300.3.39.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:erlang2626.2.1-150300.7.28.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-340 · Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records