CVE-2026-25990: Pillow has an out-of-bounds write when loading PSD images
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 34/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.40% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: python-pillow Pillow 12.1.1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to python-pillow Pillow 12.1.1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 10.3.0 to before 12.1.1, an out-of-bounds write may be triggered when loading a specially crafted PSD image. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.1.1.
- Published
- Feb 11, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.4% · 34th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-787
Report tools
Action score
34
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 34 / 40 · 8.6 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.4%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · GitHub_M
- 8.6
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| python | pillow | cpe:2.3:a:python:pillow |
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
python-pillow Pillow
- >= 10.3.0, < 12.1.1affected
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- python pillow10.3.0 and later · before 12.1.1
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine:v3.23 | py3-pillow | before 11.3.0-r2 | 11.3.0-r2 |
| Alpine:v3.24 | py3-pillow | before 12.1.1-r0 | 12.1.1-r0 |
| Debian:13 | pillow | before 11.1.0-5+deb13u1 | 11.1.0-5+deb13u1 |
| Debian:14 | pillow | before 12.1.1-1 | 12.1.1-1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | python-Pillow | before 11.3.0-160000.3.1 | 11.3.0-160000.3.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | python-Pillow | before 12.1.1-1.1 | 12.1.1-1.1 |
| PyPI | pillow | from 10.3.0 · before 12.1.1 | 12.1.1 |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | automation-gateway-proxy | before 0:2.5.10-4.el8ap | 0:2.5.10-4.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | automation-gateway-proxy-server | before 0:2.5.10-4.el8ap | 0:2.5.10-4.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | python3.12-pillow | before 0:12.1.1-1.el8ap | 0:12.1.1-1.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | automation-gateway-proxy | before 0:2.6.14-1.el9 | 0:2.6.14-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | automation-gateway-proxy-debugsource | before 0:2.6.14-1.el9 | 0:2.6.14-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | automation-gateway-proxy-server | before 0:2.6.14-1.el9 | 0:2.6.14-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | automation-gateway-proxy-server-debuginfo | before 0:2.6.14-1.el9 | 0:2.6.14-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | automation-platform-ui | before 0:2.6.7-1.el9ap | 0:2.6.7-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | python3.12-pillow | before 0:12.1.1-1.el9ap | 0:12.1.1-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | python3.12-pillow-debuginfo | before 0:12.1.1-1.el9ap | 0:12.1.1-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | python3.12-pillow-debugsource | before 0:12.1.1-1.el9ap | 0:12.1.1-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 | python-markdown | before 0:3.8.2-1.el8pc | 0:3.8.2-1.el8pc |
| Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 | python-pillow | before 0:12.1.1-1.el8pc | 0:12.1.1-1.el8pc |
| Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 | python-pillow-debugsource | before 0:12.1.1-1.el8pc | 0:12.1.1-1.el8pc |
| Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 | python-pyOpenSSL | before 0:24.1.0-2.el8pc | 0:24.1.0-2.el8pc |
| Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 | python3.11-markdown | before 0:3.8.2-1.el8pc | 0:3.8.2-1.el8pc |
| Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 | python3.11-pillow | before 0:12.1.1-1.el8pc | 0:12.1.1-1.el8pc |
+26
Same product
python: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2014-3007Python Image Library (PIL) 1.1.7 and earlier and Pillow 2.3 might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell…43Plan
- CVE-2016-4009Integer overflow in the ImagingResampleHorizontal function in libImaging/Resample.c in Pillow before 3.1.1 allows remote attackers to have…41Plan
- CVE-2022-30595libImaging/TgaRleDecode.c in Pillow 9.1.0 has a heap buffer overflow in the processing of invalid TGA image files.40Plan
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-28219Apr 2, 2024 · In _imagingcms.c in Pillow before 10.3.0, a buffer overflow exists because strcpy is used instead of strncpy.23Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-48379Jul 1, 2025 · Pillow Vulnerable to Write Buffer Overflow on BCn encoding22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-40192Apr 15, 2026 · Pillow is vulnerable to a FITS GZIP decompression bomb34Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| python-pillow Pillow | 12.1.1 · description | Vendor (CNA) |
| alpine:py3-pillow | 11.3.0-r2 · Alpine:v3.23 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:pillow | 11.1.0-5+deb13u1 · Debian:13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:python-Pillow | 12.1.1-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:pillow | 12.1.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:candlepin | 0:4.4.25-1.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:candlepin-selinux | 0:4.4.25-1.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python-markdown | 0:3.8.2-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python-pillow | 0:12.1.1-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python-pillow-debugsource | 0:12.1.1-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python-pyOpenSSL | 0:25.1.0-0.3.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.11-markdown | 0:3.8.2-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.11-pillow | 0:12.1.1-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.11-pillow-debuginfo | 0:12.1.1-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.11-pyOpenSSL | 0:25.1.0-0.3.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.12-pillow | 0:12.1.1-1.el9pc · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.18::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:rubygem-activesupport | 0:7.0.8.7-2.el9sat · Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:python-Pillow | 11.3.0-160000.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-112397250 days apartPillow: Out-of-bounds access in _imagingmorph on a zero-width image34Monitor
- CVE-2026-59205153 days apartPillow: Controlled heap out-of-bounds write in `ImageCmsTransform.apply()` via output mode mismatch30Monitor
- CVE-2026-96778252 days apartPillow: Heap buffer overflow writing JPEG comment after ICC profile fills buffer30Monitor
Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · public bounty program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds WriteCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log (1)
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (19 more)Show less
- github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-cfh3-3jmp-rvhc
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/02/12/1
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10184
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14873
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14874
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16174
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19712
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28385
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3461
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3462
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4128
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4942
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5168
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5665
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6277
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6278
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6308
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6309
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.