FreeRDP: vuln_1_15_1 RDPGFX WIRE_TO_SURFACE_2 Out-of-Bounds Read
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.48% (FIRST EPSS).
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: freerdp3 (Debian:13) 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1; freerdp3 (Debian:14) 3.23.0+dfsg-1; freerdp (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 3.24.1-1.1.
- Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 4.3, NVD 8.1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to freerdp3 (Debian:13) 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1; freerdp3 (Debian:14) 3.23.0+dfsg-1; freerdp (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 3.24.1-1.1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Versions on the 2.x branch prior to to 2.11.8 and on the 3.x branch prior to 3.23.0 have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the FreeRDP client's RDPGFX channel that allows a malicious RDP server to read uninitialized heap memory by sending a crafted WIRE_TO_SURFACE_2 PDU with a `bitmapDataLength` value larger than the actual data in the packet. This can lead to information disclosure or client crashes when a user connects to a malicious server. Versions 2.11.8 and 3.23.0 fix the issue.
- Published
- Feb 25, 2026
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.4% · 40th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-20
Report tools
Action score
32
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 32 / 40 · 8.1 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.4%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 8.1
- CNA · GitHub_M
- 4.3
- 3.8 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens
Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| freerdp | freerdp | cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- freerdp freerdp2.0.0 and later · before 2.11.8
- freerdp freerdp3.0.0 and later · before 3.23.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
FreeRDP FreeRDP
- >= 2.0.0, < 2.11.8, >= 3.0.0, < 3.23.0affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | freerdp2 | from 0 | — |
| Debian:13 | freerdp3 | before 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1 | 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1 |
| Debian:14 | freerdp3 | before 3.23.0+dfsg-1 | 3.23.0+dfsg-1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | freerdp | before 3.24.1-1.1 | 3.24.1-1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | freerdp2 | before 2.11.7-8.1 | 2.11.7-8.1 |
Same product
freerdp: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2018-8787FreeRDP prior to version 2.0.0-rc4 contains an Integer Overflow that leads to a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in function gdi_Bitmap_Decompress42Plan
- CVE-2018-8788FreeRDP prior to version 2.0.0-rc4 contains an Out-Of-Bounds Write of up to 4 bytes in function nsc_rle_decode() that results in a memory co41Plan
- CVE-2018-8786FreeRDP prior to version 2.0.0-rc4 contains an Integer Truncation that leads to a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in function update_read_bitmap_41Plan
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-24683Feb 9, 2026 · FreeRDP has a heap-use-after-free in ainput_send_input_event34Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-24684Feb 9, 2026 · FreeRDP has a Heap-use-after-free in play_thread34Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-25942Feb 25, 2026 · FreeRDP has global-buffer-overflow in xf_rail_server_execute_result22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| debian:freerdp3 | 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1 · Debian:13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:freerdp | 3.24.1-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:freerdp2 | 2.11.7-8.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-67296157 days apartFreeRDP before 3.29.0 Denial of Service via RDPEI PDU34Monitor
- CVE-2026-111374233 days apartFreeRDP from 3.30.0 before 3.32.0 Resource Exhaustion via rdpecam StartStreamsRequest24Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- A user must open a link or visit a page.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-20 · Improper Input ValidationCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Server Side Include (SSI) InjectionCAPEC-101likelihood: High · High
- Cross Zone ScriptingCAPEC-104likelihood: Medium · High
- Command Line Execution through SQL InjectionCAPEC-108likelihood: Low · Very High
- Object Relational Mapping InjectionCAPEC-109likelihood: Low · High
- SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter TamperingCAPEC-110likelihood: High · Very High
- Double EncodingCAPEC-120likelihood: Low · Medium
- Subverting Environment Variable ValuesCAPEC-13likelihood: High · Very High
ATT&CK techniques
- Obfuscated Files or InformationT1027
- Masquerading: Invalid Code SignatureT1036.001
- Steal Web Session CookieT1539
- Subvert Trust Controls: Code SigningT1553.002
- Impair Defenses:Impair Command History LoggingT1562.003
- Hijack Execution Flow:Dynamic Linker HijackingT1574.006
- Hijack Execution Flow:Path Interception by PATH Environment VariableT1574.007
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.