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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-25942: FreeRDP has global-buffer-overflow in xf_rail_server_execute_result

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.53% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: freerdp (Alpine:v3.23) 3.23.0-r0; freerdp3 (Debian:13) 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1; freerdp3 (Debian:14) 3.23.0+dfsg-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to freerdp (Alpine:v3.23) 3.23.0-r0; freerdp3 (Debian:13) 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1; freerdp3 (Debian:14) 3.23.0+dfsg-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, `xf_rail_server_execute_result` indexes the global `error_code_names[]` array (7 elements, indices 0–6) with an unchecked `execResult->execResult` value received from the server, allowing an out-of-bounds read when the server sends an `execResult` value of 7 or greater. Version 3.23.0 fixes the issue.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 25, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 45th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
5.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-25942

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
freerdpfreerdp

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • freerdp freerdpbefore 3.23.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • FreeRDP FreeRDP

    • < 3.23.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.23freerdpbefore 3.23.0-r03.23.0-r0
Debian:12freerdp2from 0—
Debian:13freerdp3before 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u13.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1
Debian:14freerdp3before 3.23.0+dfsg-13.23.0+dfsg-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedfreerdpbefore 3.24.1-1.13.24.1-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedfreerdp2before 2.11.7-8.12.11.7-8.1

Same product

freerdp: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-8787FreeRDP prior to version 2.0.0-rc4 contains an Integer Overflow that leads to a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in function gdi_Bitmap_Decompress
    42Plan
  • CVE-2018-8788FreeRDP prior to version 2.0.0-rc4 contains an Out-Of-Bounds Write of up to 4 bytes in function nsc_rle_decode() that results in a memory co
    41Plan
  • CVE-2018-8786FreeRDP prior to version 2.0.0-rc4 contains an Integer Truncation that leads to a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in function update_read_bitmap_
    41Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-24683Feb 9, 2026 · FreeRDP has a heap-use-after-free in ainput_send_input_event
    34Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-24684Feb 9, 2026 · FreeRDP has a Heap-use-after-free in play_thread
    34Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-25952Feb 25, 2026 · FreeRDP has heap-use-after-free in xf_SetWindowMinMaxInfo
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
alpine:freerdp3.23.0-r0 · Alpine:v3.23Package registry (OSV)
debian:freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:freerdp3.24.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:freerdp22.11.7-8.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-3188516 days apartFreeRDP has an out-of-bounds read in ADPCM decoders due to missing predictor/step_index bounds checks
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-3189716 days apartFreeRDP has an out-of-bounds read in `freerdp_bitmap_decompress_planar`
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-67290157 days apartFreeRDP before 3.29.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Read via TSMF
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-67291157 days apartFreeRDP before 3.29.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Read via GLYPH_FRAGMENT_ADD
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-67301157 days apartFreeRDP before 3.29.0 Out-of-bounds Read via Polygon async message-proxy
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-3398233 days apartFreeRDP: Persistent Cache Allocator Mismatch - Heap OOB Read
    32Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records