CVE-2026-23359: bpf: Fix stack-out-of-bounds write in devmap
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.14% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 5000e40acc8d0c36ab709662e32120986ac22e7e, 75d474702b2ba8b6bcb26eb3004dbc5e95ffd5d2, 88df604f0d16a692867582350ce3f2fcd22243f1; azl3 kernel 6.6.126.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.130.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 5000e40acc8d0c36ab709662e32120986ac22e7e, 75d474702b2ba8b6bcb26eb3004dbc5e95ffd5d2, 88df604f0d16a692867582350ce3f2fcd22243f1; azl3 kernel 6.6.126.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.130.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix stack-out-of-bounds write in devmap get_upper_ifindexes() iterates over all upper devices and writes their indices into an array without checking bounds. Also the callers assume that the max number of upper devices is MAX_NEST_DEV and allocate excluded_devices[1+MAX_NEST_DEV] on the stack, but that assumption is not correct and the number of upper devices could be larger than MAX_NEST_DEV (e.g., many macvlans), causing a stack-out-of-bounds write. Add a max parameter to get_upper_ifindexes() to avoid the issue. When there are too many upper devices, return -EOVERFLOW and abort the redirect. To reproduce, create more than MAX_NEST_DEV(8) macvlans on a device with an XDP program attached using BPF_F_BROADCAST | BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS. Then send a packet to the device to trigger the XDP redirect path.
- Published
- Mar 25, 2026
- Updated
- Oct 15, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.1% · 3th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-787
Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.1%
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.15.1 and later · before 5.15.203
- linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.167
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.130
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.77
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.17
- linux linux kernel6.19 and later · before 6.19.7
- linux linux kernel5.15
- linux linux kernel7.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 5.15affected
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before 88df604f0d16a692867582350ce3f2fcd22243f1affected · git
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before 5000e40acc8d0c36ab709662e32120986ac22e7eaffected · git
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before 8a95fb9df1105b1618872c2846a6c01e3ba20b45affected · git
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before d2c31d8e03d05edc16656e5ffe187f0d1da763d7affected · git
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before 75d474702b2ba8b6bcb26eb3004dbc5e95ffd5d2affected · git
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before ca831567908fd3f73cf97d8a6c09a5054697a182affected · git
- aeea1b86f9363f3feabb496534d886f082a89f21 and later · before b7bf516c3ecd9a2aae2dc2635178ab87b734fef1affected · git
- before 5.15not affected · semver
- 5.15.203 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.170-1 | 6.1.170-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.12.85-1 | 6.12.85-1 |
| Debian:14 | linux | before 6.19.8-1 | 6.19.8-1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_16 | before 1-150700.15.3.2 | 1-150700.15.3.2 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_16 | before 1-150700.1.5.2 | 1-150700.1.5.2 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-64kb | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-default | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-default-base | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1.150700.17.35.4 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1.150700.17.35.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-source | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | kernel-zfcpdump | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | kernel-docs | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | kernel-obs-build | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.2 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.2 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | kernel-syms | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP7 | kernel-azure | before 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 | 6.4.0-150700.53.60.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | kernel-azure | before 6.12.0-160000.34.1 | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | kernel-docs | before 6.12.0-160000.34.1 | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | kernel-kvmsmall | before 6.12.0-160000.34.1 | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | kernel-obs-qa | before 6.12.0-160000.34.1 | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | kernel-zfcpdump | before 6.12.0-160000.34.1 | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | kernel-default | before 6.4.0-47.1 | 6.4.0-47.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | kernel-default-base | before 6.4.0-47.1.21.24 | 6.4.0-47.1.21.24 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | kernel-kvmsmall | before 6.4.0-47.1 | 6.4.0-47.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | kernel-rt | before 6.4.0-48.1 | 6.4.0-48.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0 | kernel-source | before 6.4.0-47.1 | 6.4.0-47.1 |
+11
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-23356Mar 25, 2026 · drbd: fix "LOGIC BUG" in drbd_al_begin_io_nonblock()22Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-23357Mar 25, 2026 · can: mcp251x: fix deadlock in error path of mcp251x_open22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-23361Mar 25, 2026 · PCI: dwc: ep: Flush MSI-X write before unmapping its ATU entry31Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 5000e40acc8d0c36ab709662e32120986ac22e7e | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 75d474702b2ba8b6bcb26eb3004dbc5e95ffd5d2 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 88df604f0d16a692867582350ce3f2fcd22243f1 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 8a95fb9df1105b1618872c2846a6c01e3ba20b45 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | b7bf516c3ecd9a2aae2dc2635178ab87b734fef1 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | ca831567908fd3f73cf97d8a6c09a5054697a182 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | d2c31d8e03d05edc16656e5ffe187f0d1da763d7 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.126.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.130.1-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 | Release Notes | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.170-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-64kb | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-azure | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default-base | 6.12.0-160000.34.1.160000.2.15 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-kvmsmall | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-build | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-qa | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-rt | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-syms | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-zfcpdump | 6.12.0-160000.34.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds WriteCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (10 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/75d474702b2ba8b6bcb26eb3004dbc5e95ffd5d2
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/88df604f0d16a692867582350ce3f2fcd22243f1
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a95fb9df1105b1618872c2846a6c01e3ba20b45
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/b7bf516c3ecd9a2aae2dc2635178ab87b734fef1
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca831567908fd3f73cf97d8a6c09a5054697a182
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2c31d8e03d05edc16656e5ffe187f0d1da763d7
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.