CVE-2026-23154: net: fix segmentation of forwarding fraglist GRO
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.18% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 2cbef9ea5a0ac51863ede35c45f26931a85d3888, 3d48d59235c494d34e32052f768393111c0806ef, 3e62db1e3140449608975e29e0979cc5f3b1cc07; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 2cbef9ea5a0ac51863ede35c45f26931a85d3888, 3d48d59235c494d34e32052f768393111c0806ef, 3e62db1e3140449608975e29e0979cc5f3b1cc07; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: fix segmentation of forwarding fraglist GRO This patch enhances GSO segment handling by properly checking the SKB_GSO_DODGY flag for frag_list GSO packets, addressing low throughput issues observed when a station accesses IPv4 servers via hotspots with an IPv6-only upstream interface. Specifically, it fixes a bug in GSO segmentation when forwarding GRO packets containing a frag_list. The function skb_segment_list cannot correctly process GRO skbs that have been converted by XLAT, since XLAT only translates the header of the head skb. Consequently, skbs in the frag_list may remain untranslated, resulting in protocol inconsistencies and reduced throughput. To address this, the patch explicitly sets the SKB_GSO_DODGY flag for GSO packets in XLAT's IPv4/IPv6 protocol translation helpers (bpf_skb_proto_4_to_6 and bpf_skb_proto_6_to_4). This marks GSO packets as potentially modified after protocol translation. As a result, GSO segmentation will avoid using skb_segment_list and instead falls back to skb_segment for packets with the SKB_GSO_DODGY flag. This ensures that only safe and fully translated frag_list packets are processed by skb_segment_list, resolving protocol inconsistencies and improving throughput when forwarding GRO packets converted by XLAT.
- Published
- Feb 14, 2026
- Updated
- Oct 19, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.1% · 8th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-20
Report tools
Action score
22
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.1%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.6 and later · before 6.12.69
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.9
- linux linux kernel6.19
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 5.6affected
- 9fd1ff5d2ac7181844735806b0a703c942365291 and later · before 9122d7280b2303e835cdfec156bd932ac1f586edaffected · git
- 9fd1ff5d2ac7181844735806b0a703c942365291 and later · before 2cbef9ea5a0ac51863ede35c45f26931a85d3888affected · git
- 9fd1ff5d2ac7181844735806b0a703c942365291 and later · before 3e62db1e3140449608975e29e0979cc5f3b1cc07affected · git
- 9fd1ff5d2ac7181844735806b0a703c942365291 and later · before 3d48d59235c494d34e32052f768393111c0806efaffected · git
- 9fd1ff5d2ac7181844735806b0a703c942365291 and later · before 426ca15c7f6cb6562a081341ca88893a50c59fa2affected · git
- before 5.6not affected · semver
- 6.1.167 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
- 6.6.130 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
- 6.12.69 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.170-1 | 6.1.170-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.12.69-1 | 6.12.69-1 |
| Debian:14 | linux | before 6.18.9-1 | 6.18.9-1 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1 | kernel-rt | before 6.4.0-41.1 | 6.4.0-41.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1 | kernel-source-rt | before 6.4.0-41.1 | 6.4.0-41.1 |
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-23146Feb 14, 2026 · Bluetooth: hci_uart: fix null-ptr-deref in hci_uart_write_work22Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-23148Feb 14, 2026 · nvmet: fix race in nvmet_bio_done() leading to NULL pointer dereference22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-23157Feb 14, 2026 · btrfs: do not strictly require dirty metadata threshold for metadata writepages22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 2cbef9ea5a0ac51863ede35c45f26931a85d3888 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3d48d59235c494d34e32052f768393111c0806ef | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3e62db1e3140449608975e29e0979cc5f3b1cc07 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 426ca15c7f6cb6562a081341ca88893a50c59fa2 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 9122d7280b2303e835cdfec156bd932ac1f586ed | Vendor (CNA) |
| cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 | Release Notes | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.170-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-rt | 6.4.0-41.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source-rt | 6.4.0-41.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-46115103 days apartblock: add pgmap check to biovec_phys_mergeable39Monitor
- CVE-2026-53221131 days apartip6_vti: fix incorrect tunnel matching in vti6_tnl_lookup()39Monitor
- CVE-2026-64037155 days apartwifi: iwlwifi: mld: fix TSO segmentation explosion when AMSDU is disabled39Monitor
- CVE-2026-64046155 days apartnet: tls: prevent chain-after-chain in plain text SG39Monitor
- CVE-2026-4311481 days apartnetfilter: nft_set_pipapo_avx2: don't return non-matching entry on expiry37Monitor
- CVE-2026-46266109 days apartinet: RAW sockets using IPPROTO_RAW MUST drop incoming ICMP36Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-20 · Improper Input ValidationCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Server Side Include (SSI) InjectionCAPEC-101likelihood: High · High
- Cross Zone ScriptingCAPEC-104likelihood: Medium · High
- Command Line Execution through SQL InjectionCAPEC-108likelihood: Low · Very High
- Object Relational Mapping InjectionCAPEC-109likelihood: Low · High
- SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter TamperingCAPEC-110likelihood: High · Very High
- Double EncodingCAPEC-120likelihood: Low · Medium
- Subverting Environment Variable ValuesCAPEC-13likelihood: High · Very High
ATT&CK techniques
- Obfuscated Files or InformationT1027
- Masquerading: Invalid Code SignatureT1036.001
- Steal Web Session CookieT1539
- Subvert Trust Controls: Code SigningT1553.002
- Impair Defenses:Impair Command History LoggingT1562.003
- Hijack Execution Flow:Dynamic Linker HijackingT1574.006
- Hijack Execution Flow:Path Interception by PATH Environment VariableT1574.007
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (8 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d48d59235c494d34e32052f768393111c0806ef
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e62db1e3140449608975e29e0979cc5f3b1cc07
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/426ca15c7f6cb6562a081341ca88893a50c59fa2
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/9122d7280b2303e835cdfec156bd932ac1f586ed
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.