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CVE-2025-8045· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Arm

Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU processing operations

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 16/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.17% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver r54p2, r55p0; Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver r54p2, r55p0.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver r54p2, r55p0; Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver r54p2, r55p0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall GPU Kernel Driver: from r53p0 through r54p1; Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver: from r53p0 through r54p1.

MediumCVSS 4.0 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Dec 1, 2025
Updated
Oct 18, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 6th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

16

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
16 / 40 · 4.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-8045

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
arm5th gen gpu architecture kernel driver
armvalhall gpu kernel driver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • arm 5th gen gpu architecture kernel driverr53p0 and later · before r54p2
  • arm valhall gpu kernel driverr53p0 and later · before r54p2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Arm). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver

    • r53p0 and later · up to and including r54p1affected · patchfixed in r54p2, r55p0

  • Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver

    • r53p0 and later · up to and including r54p1affected · patchfixed in r54p2, r55p0

Same product

arm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-4211Mali GPU Kernel Driver Allows Improper GPU Memory Processing OperationsKEV
    52Plan
  • CVE-2023-26083Memory leak vulnerability in Mali GPU Kernel Driver in Midgard GPU Kernel Driver all versions from r6p0 - r32p0, Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver aKEV
    43Plan
  • CVE-2023-6143Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    33Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-3212Sep 8, 2025 · Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows access to already freed memory
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-2879Dec 1, 2025 · Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU processing operations
    20Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-6349Dec 1, 2025 · Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    20Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driverr54p2Vendor (CNA)
Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driverr55p0Vendor (CNA)
Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driverr54p2Vendor (CNA)
Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driverr55p0Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:72026-08-06

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+248 d
  3. TodayOct 19, 2026+322 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-0073182 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0819182 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows access to already freed memory
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0072213 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0427213 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows access to already freed memory
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0015301 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2024-3655454 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records