NVD / CVE Program· CNA Arm

CVE-2023-4211: Mali GPU Kernel Driver Allows Improper GPU Memory Processing Operations

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 52/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Oct 3, 2023). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Oct 24, 2023.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.97% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 62.4% of all records.
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

Published: Oct 1, 2023
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.9% · 62th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

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Action score

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS: 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.9%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Oct 3, 2023. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Oct 24, 2023.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
arm	5th gen gpu architecture kernel driver	cpe:2.3:a:arm:5th_gen_gpu_architecture_kernel_driver
arm	bifrost gpu kernel driver	cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver
arm	midgard gpu kernel driver	cpe:2.3:a:arm:midgard_gpu_kernel_driver
arm	valhall gpu kernel driver	cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

arm 5th gen gpu architecture kernel driverr41p0 and later · before r43p0
arm bifrost gpu kernel driverr0p0 and later · before r43p0
arm midgard gpu kernel driverr12p0 and later · up to r32p0 inclusive
arm valhall gpu kernel driverr19p0 and later · before r43p0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Arm). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver
- r41p0 and later · up to and including r42p0affected · patch
Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver
- r0p0 and later · up to and including r42p0affected · patch
Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver
- r12p0 and later · up to and including r32p0affected · patch
Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver
- r19p0 and later · up to and including r42p0affected · patch

Same product

arm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2023-26083Memory leak vulnerability in Mali GPU Kernel Driver in Midgard GPU Kernel Driver all versions from r6p0 - r32p0, Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver aKEV
43Plan
CVE-2023-6143Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
33Monitor
CVE-2025-0819Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows access to already freed memory
31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

Later →CVE-2023-5427Dec 1, 2023 · Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU processing operations
31Monitor
Later →CVE-2023-32804Dec 4, 2023 · Mali GPU Userspace Driver can make an Out-of-Bounds access
31Monitor
Later →CVE-2023-5643Feb 5, 2024 · Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedOct 1, 2023
CISA KEVOct 3, 2023+1 d
TodayNov 10, 2026+1136 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Maddie Stone, Google Threat Analysis Groupfinder
Jann Horn, Google Project Zerofinder

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

ArmIntigriti · paid · up to $20,000

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-23-0675 · Dec 5, 2023(Google Android Güvenlik Güncellemesi)

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: none
Availability: none

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

developer.arm.com/Arm%20Security%20Center/Mali%20GPU%20Driver%20Vulnerabilities

Show all references (1 more)

www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-4211

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records