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NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

CVE-2025-7545: GNU Binutils objcopy.c copy_section heap-based overflow

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 7/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.30% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: azl3 binutils 2.41-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-7; cbl2 binutils 2.37-15 on CBL Mariner 2.0 2.37-16; cbl2 binutils 2.37-16 on CBL Mariner 2.0 2.37-16.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 4.8, NVD 1.9.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 binutils 2.41-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-7; cbl2 binutils 2.37-15 on CBL Mariner 2.0 2.37-16; cbl2 binutils 2.37-16 on CBL Mariner 2.0 2.37-16 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in GNU Binutils 2.45. Affected by this vulnerability is the function copy_section of the file binutils/objcopy.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named 08c3cbe5926e4d355b5cb70bbec2b1eeb40c2944. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

LowCVSS 1.9 · v4.0—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Jul 13, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 23th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

7

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
7 / 40 · 1.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
4.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-7545

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnubinutils

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu binutils2.45

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GNU Binutils

    • 2.45affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12binutilsfrom 0—
Debian:14binutilsbefore 2.45-32.45-3
openSUSE:Tumbleweedmingw32-binutilsbefore 2.45.1-2.12.45.1-2.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedmingw64-binutilsbefore 2.45.1-2.12.45.1-2.1

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-12699finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unsp
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7614elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member access within null po
    40Plan
  • CVE-2014-9939ihex.c in GNU Binutils before 2.26 contains a stack buffer overflow when printing bad bytes in Intel Hex objects.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5244May 27, 2025 · GNU Binutils ld elflink.c elf_gc_sweep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5245May 27, 2025 · GNU Binutils objdump debug.c debug_type_samep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-7546Jul 13, 2025 · GNU Binutils elf.c bfd_elf_set_group_contents out-of-bounds write
    7Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 binutils 2.41-7 on Azure Linux 3.02.41-7 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-15 on CBL Mariner 2.02.37-16 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-16 on CBL Mariner 2.02.37-16 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:binutils2.45-3 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:mingw32-binutils2.45.1-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:mingw64-binutils2.45.1-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02026-01-20

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+190 d
  3. TodayOct 28, 2026+471 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-1178152 days apartGNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption
    25Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0840165 days apartGNU Binutils objdump.c disassemble_bytes stack-based overflow
    25Monitor
  • CVE-2025-524447 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c elf_gc_sweep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-524547 days apartGNU Binutils objdump debug.c debug_type_samep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-1176152 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec heap-based overflow
    9Monitor
  • CVE-2025-1179152 days apartGNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption
    9Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (9 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records