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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-71109: MIPS: ftrace: Fix memory corruption when kernel is located beyond 32 bits

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.22% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 36dac9a3dda1f2bae343191bc16b910c603cac25, 3f7a003fe2646337fbc5dd41051ad6754ac34064, 7f39b9d0e86ed6236b9a5fb67616ab1f76c4f150; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 36dac9a3dda1f2bae343191bc16b910c603cac25, 3f7a003fe2646337fbc5dd41051ad6754ac34064, 7f39b9d0e86ed6236b9a5fb67616ab1f76c4f150; cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: MIPS: ftrace: Fix memory corruption when kernel is located beyond 32 bits Since commit e424054000878 ("MIPS: Tracing: Reduce the overhead of dynamic Function Tracer"), the macro UASM_i_LA_mostly has been used, and this macro can generate more than 2 instructions. At the same time, the code in ftrace assumes that no more than 2 instructions can be generated, which is why it stores them in an int[2] array. However, as previously noted, the macro UASM_i_LA_mostly (and now UASM_i_LA) causes a buffer overflow when _mcount is beyond 32 bits. This leads to corruption of the variables located in the __read_mostly section. This corruption was observed because the variable __cpu_primary_thread_mask was corrupted, causing a hang very early during boot. This fix prevents the corruption by avoiding the generation of instructions if they could exceed 2 instructions in length. Fortunately, insn_la_mcount is only used if the instrumented code is located outside the kernel code section, so dynamic ftrace can still be used, albeit in a more limited scope. This is still preferable to corrupting memory and/or crashing the kernel.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 14, 2026
Updated
Oct 30, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 13th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
7.1
1.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel2.6.35.1 and later · before 6.12.64
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.3
  • linux linux kernel2.6.35
  • linux linux kernel6.19

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 2.6.35affected
    • e424054000878d7eb11e44289242886d6e219d22 and later · before 3f7a003fe2646337fbc5dd41051ad6754ac34064affected · git
    • e424054000878d7eb11e44289242886d6e219d22 and later · before 9cfda98cf02eacfa6b09076e98bd479fd73407c2affected · git
    • e424054000878d7eb11e44289242886d6e219d22 and later · before e3e33ac2eb69d595079a1a1e444c2fb98efdd42daffected · git
    • e424054000878d7eb11e44289242886d6e219d22 and later · before 7f39b9d0e86ed6236b9a5fb67616ab1f76c4f150affected · git
    • e424054000878d7eb11e44289242886d6e219d22 and later · before 36dac9a3dda1f2bae343191bc16b910c603cac25affected · git
    • before 2.6.35not affected · semver
    • 6.1.191 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
    • 6.6.160 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
    • 6.12.64 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxfrom 0—
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.69-16.12.69-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.18.3-16.18.3-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-71104Jan 14, 2026 · KVM: x86: Fix VM hard lockup after prolonged inactivity with periodic HV timer
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-71108Jan 14, 2026 · usb: typec: ucsi: Handle incorrect num_connectors capability
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-71111Jan 14, 2026 · hwmon: (w83791d) Convert macros to functions to avoid TOCTOU
    18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux36dac9a3dda1f2bae343191bc16b910c603cac25Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3f7a003fe2646337fbc5dd41051ad6754ac34064Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7f39b9d0e86ed6236b9a5fb67616ab1f76c4f150Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9cfda98cf02eacfa6b09076e98bd479fd73407c2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe3e33ac2eb69d595079a1a1e444c2fb98efdd42dVendor (CNA)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.12.69-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records