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CVE-2025-71089· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

iommu: disable SVA when CONFIG_X86 is set

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu: disable SVA when CONFIG_X86 is set Patch series "Fix stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space", v7. This proposes a fix for a security vulnerability related to IOMMU Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA). In an SVA context, an IOMMU can cache kernel page table entries. When a kernel page table page is freed and reallocated for another purpose, the IOMMU might still hold stale, incorrect entries. This can be exploited to cause a use-after-free or write-after-free condition, potentially leading to privilege escalation or data corruption. This solution introduces a deferred freeing mechanism for kernel page table pages, which provides a safe window to notify the IOMMU to invalidate its caches before the page is reused. This patch (of 8): In the IOMMU Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) context, the IOMMU hardware shares and walks the CPU's page tables. The x86 architecture maps the kernel's virtual address space into the upper portion of every process's page table. Consequently, in an SVA context, the IOMMU hardware can walk and cache kernel page table entries. The Linux kernel currently lacks a notification mechanism for kernel page table changes, specifically when page table pages are freed and reused. The IOMMU driver is only notified of changes to user virtual address mappings. This can cause the IOMMU's internal caches to retain stale entries for kernel VA. Use-After-Free (UAF) and Write-After-Free (WAF) conditions arise when kernel page table pages are freed and later reallocated. The IOMMU could misinterpret the new data as valid page table entries. The IOMMU might then walk into attacker-controlled memory, leading to arbitrary physical memory DMA access or privilege escalation. This is also a Write-After-Free issue, as the IOMMU will potentially continue to write Accessed and Dirty bits to the freed memory while attempting to walk the stale page tables. Currently, SVA contexts are unprivileged and cannot access kernel mappings. However, the IOMMU will still walk kernel-only page tables all the way down to the leaf entries, where it realizes the mapping is for the kernel and errors out. This means the IOMMU still caches these intermediate page table entries, making the described vulnerability a real concern. Disable SVA on x86 architecture until the IOMMU can receive notification to flush the paging cache before freeing the CPU kernel page table pages.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 13, 2026
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 5th percentile
CWE
—
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JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · Linux
7.8
agree

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel5.2 and later · before 5.15.200
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.163
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.120
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.64
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.18.4

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.2affected
    • 26b25a2b98e45aeb40eedcedc586ad5034cbd984 and later · before b34289505180a83607fcfdce14b5a290d0528476affected · git
    • 26b25a2b98e45aeb40eedcedc586ad5034cbd984 and later · before 7cad37e358970af1bb49030ff01f06a69fa7d985affected · git
    • 26b25a2b98e45aeb40eedcedc586ad5034cbd984 and later · before 240cd7f2812cc25496b12063d11c823618f364e9affected · git
    • 26b25a2b98e45aeb40eedcedc586ad5034cbd984 and later · before c2c3f1a3fd74ef16cf115f0c558616a13a8471b4affected · git
    • 26b25a2b98e45aeb40eedcedc586ad5034cbd984 and later · before c341dee80b5df49a936182341b36395c831c2661affected · git
    • 26b25a2b98e45aeb40eedcedc586ad5034cbd984 and later · before 72f98ef9a4be30d2a60136dd6faee376f780d06caffected · git
    • before 5.2not affected · semver
    • 5.15.200 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver
    • 6.1.163 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:9kernelbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64kbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debugbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-develbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modulesbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modules-extrabefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-develbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modulesbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modules-extrabefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-cross-headersbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debugbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-develbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-modulesbefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_85.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8

+96

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Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux240cd7f2812cc25496b12063d11c823618f364e9Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux72f98ef9a4be30d2a60136dd6faee376f780d06cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7cad37e358970af1bb49030ff01f06a69fa7d985Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxb34289505180a83607fcfdce14b5a290d0528476Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc2c3f1a3fd74ef16cf115f0c558616a13a8471b4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc341dee80b5df49a936182341b36395c831c2661Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.119.3-3 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.121.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:kernel5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-core5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-devel5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-devel-matched5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.164-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux-6.16.1.164-1~deb11u1 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+16

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

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