NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2025-66644: Array Networks ArrayOS AG before 9.4.5.9 allows command injection, as exploited in the wild in August through December 2025.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 70/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Dec 8, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Dec 29, 2025.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 3.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 88.8% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.2, NVD 9.8.

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Until a fix is released, restrict access to the affected component and follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

BDU:2025-16185

Published: Dec 5, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 3.4% · 88th percentile
CWE: CWE-78

Report tools

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Action score

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS: 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 1 / 30 · 3.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 9.8
CNA · mitre: 7.2; 2.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Dec 8, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Dec 29, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
arraynetworks	arrayos ag	cpe:2.3:o:arraynetworks:arrayos_ag
arraynetworks	ag1000	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000
arraynetworks	ag1000t	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000t
arraynetworks	ag1000v5	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000v5
arraynetworks	ag1100	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100
arraynetworks	ag1100v5	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100v5
arraynetworks	ag1150	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1150
arraynetworks	ag1200	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200
arraynetworks	ag1200v5	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200v5
arraynetworks	ag1500	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500
arraynetworks	ag1500fips	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500fips
arraynetworks	ag1500v5	cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500v5

and 3 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

arraynetworks arrayos agbefore 9.4.5.9

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mitre). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Array Networks ArrayOS AG
- before 9.4.5.9affected

Same product

arraynetworks: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2023-28461Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution.KEV
89Now
CVE-2023-51707MotionPro in Array ArrayOS AG before 9.4.0.505 on AG and vxAG allows remote command execution via crafted packets.
39Monitor
CVE-2022-42897Array Networks AG/vxAG with ArrayOS AG before 9.4.0.469 allows unauthenticated command injection that leads to privilege escalation and cont
39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2023-24613Feb 2, 2023 · The user interface of Array Networks AG Series and vxAG through 9.4.0.470 could allow a remote attacker to use the gdb tool to overwrite the
19Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2023-41121Aug 25, 2023 · Array AG OS before 9.4.0.499 allows denial of service: remote attackers can cause system service processes to crash through abnormal HTTP op
30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedDec 5, 2025
CISA KEVDec 8, 2025+2 d
TodayOct 31, 2026+330 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const host = req.body.host;
2exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

1const host = req.body.host;
2if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);
3execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-are-exploiting-arrayos-ag-vpn-flaw-to-plant-webshells/

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records