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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-55003: OpenBao Login MFA Bypasses Rate Limiting and TOTP Token Reuse

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.25% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: openbao openbao 2.3.2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to openbao openbao 2.3.2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 2.3.1 and below, OpenBao's Login Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) system allows enforcing MFA using Time-based One Time Password (TOTP). Due to normalization applied by the underlying TOTP library, codes were accepted which could contain whitespace; this whitespace could bypass internal rate limiting of the MFA method and allow reuse of existing MFA codes. This issue was fixed in version 2.3.2. To work around this, use of rate-limiting quotas can limit an attacker's ability to exploit this: https://openbao.org/api-docs/system/rate-limit-quotas/.

MediumCVSS 5.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 8, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 16th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
5.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-55003

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
openbaoopenbao

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • openbao openbaobefore 2.3.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • openbao openbao

    • < 2.3.2affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Gogithub.com/openbao/openbaofrom 0.1.0 · before 2.3.22.3.2
Gogithub.com/openbao/openbaofrom 0.1.0—
Gogithub.com/openbao/openbaobefore 0.0.0-20250807113757-8340a6918f6c0.0.0-20250807113757-8340a6918f6c
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgovulncheck-vulndbbefore 0.0.20250811T192933-1.10.0.20250811T192933-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedopenbaobefore 2.3.2-1.12.3.2-1.1

Same product

openbao: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-33758OpenBao has Reflected XSS in its OIDC authentication error message
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63132OpenBao's Recovery Mode Vulnerable To Token Leakage via Timing Attack
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-54997OpenBao: Privileged Operator May Execute Code on the Underlying Host
    36Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-55000Aug 8, 2025 · OpenBao TOTP Secrets Engine Enables Code Reuse
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-55001Aug 8, 2025 · OpenBao LDAP MFA Enforcement Bypass When Using Username As Alias
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-59043Oct 17, 2025 · OpenBao vulnerable to denial of service via malicious JSON request processing
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
openbao openbao2.3.2 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
Go:github.com/openbao/openbao0.0.0-20250807113757-8340a6918f6cPackage registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/openbao/openbao2.3.2Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:govulncheck-vulndb0.0.20250811T192933-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:openbao2.3.2-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-549980 days apartOpenBao Userpass and LDAP User Lockout Bypass
    21Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-307 · Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records